Nicolas
Höfler
DMGermany · SC Freiburg
Player dossierBundesliga
NicolasHöfler
DMDefensive MidfieldMidfield
- Club
- SC Freiburg
- League
- Bundesliga
- Nationality
- Germany
- Age
- 36
- Height
- 181 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 27 May 2026
Reading the valuation
The market values Höfler at €500k. Model A, which never saw Höfler during training, estimates €508k: the market value is 2% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.02. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €417k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 40
- Minutes
- 1,279
- Goals
- 0
- Assists
- 1
- Started
- 10/40
- Min / app
- 32
- Cards
- 4Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Höfler…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €500k
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders
Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)
European club minutes
Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.
14% this player0% midfielder median76th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €50k
- Jan 2009
- Peak
- €4.5M
- Dec 2019
- Model target
- €500k
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 39
- 4 club changes
May 2026: €500k, SC Freiburg. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2009-01-22 | €50k | SC Freiburg U19 |
| 2009-06-18 | €100k | SC Freiburg U19 |
| 2010-01-08 | €150k | SC Freiburg II |
| 2010-08-29 | €150k | SC Freiburg |
| 2011-01-12 | €150k | SC Freiburg |
| 2011-06-29 | €150k | SC Freiburg |
| 2012-01-16 | €300k | FC Erzgebirge Aue |
| 2012-06-24 | €350k | FC Erzgebirge Aue |
| 2012-11-14 | €500k | FC Erzgebirge Aue |
| 2013-01-04 | €700k | FC Erzgebirge Aue |
| 2013-06-29 | €800k | FC Erzgebirge Aue |
| 2014-02-12 | €1M | SC Freiburg |
| 2014-07-10 | €750k | SC Freiburg |
| 2015-02-04 | €1M | SC Freiburg |
| 2015-07-01 | €1M | SC Freiburg |
| 2016-02-11 | €1.2M | SC Freiburg |
| 2016-07-22 | €1.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2016-10-13 | €2M | SC Freiburg |
| 2017-02-07 | €2.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2017-06-19 | €3.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2017-12-28 | €3.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2018-06-05 | €4M | SC Freiburg |
| 2018-12-18 | €4M | SC Freiburg |
| 2019-06-05 | €4M | SC Freiburg |
| 2019-12-17 | €4.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2020-04-08 | €3.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2021-02-10 | €3M | SC Freiburg |
| 2021-06-09 | €2.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2021-12-22 | €2.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2022-06-09 | €2.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2022-11-09 | €2.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2023-06-22 | €2.5M | SC Freiburg |
| 2023-12-14 | €2M | SC Freiburg |
| 2024-05-29 | €2M | SC Freiburg |
| 2024-10-09 | €1M | SC Freiburg |
| 2024-12-20 | €700k | SC Freiburg |
| 2025-06-05 | €500k | SC Freiburg |
| 2025-12-19 | €500k | SC Freiburg |
| 2026-05-27 | €500k | SC Freiburg |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.015
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Bundesliga451 players · median €5M
Valued above 2% of the 451 Bundesliga players.
See them in the Explorer →Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M
Valued above 16% of the 1,687 midfielders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Höfler appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- WeinerGKHolstein Kiel · Bundesliga€500k
- RießGK1.FSV Mainz 05 · Bundesliga€500k
- JohanssonCBHolstein Kiel · Bundesliga€450k
- JungCBSC Freiburg · Bundesliga€600k
- MilnerCMBrighton & Hove Albion · midfielders€500k
- MoutinhoCMSC Braga · midfielders€500k
- StepanenkoDMKolos Kovalivka · midfielders€500k
- DelaneyCMFC Copenhagen · midfielders€500k
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).