The gap runs the other way
A model that never sees nationality still misses one group in one direction: non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above its estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues (+0.093 log units). Without league and club, +0.164.
Read · 7 chapters →+0.093
95% intervals · the thin line is zero, no gap · not evidence of discrimination
Head-to-Head
Two players in the same position, on one scale: the market, the model and what separates them.
- CF · Serie ACastro€32MRW · LaLigaKubo€20MCentre-Forward in Serie A at €32M, right winger in LaLiga at €20M. The model reads them in opposite directions against the market.
- CM · Serie AThuram€38MDM · Premier LeagueGueye€500kCentral Midfield in Serie A at €38M, defensive midfield in Premier League at €500k. The model sits above the market for both, by different margins.
Valuation
One estimate, input by input. The line is each valuation journey; the dashed line is the observed value.
- CMSerie AThuram€2.2M → €41.4Mobserved €38M
- CFSerie ACastro€2.2M → €39.7Mobserved €32M
- CBPremier LeagueTodibo€2.2M → €16.5Mobserved €22M
- RWLaLigaKubo€2.2M → €15.6Mobserved €20M
- LBSerie AIdrissi€2.2M → €4.1Mobserved €4M
- LBBundesligaBernardo€2.2M → €4.3Mobserved €4M
- CBPremier LigaIgnatov€2.2M → €646kobserved €600k
- DMPremier LeagueGueye€2.2M → €796kobserved €500k
Market
Patterns across the fourteen covered leagues, from the held-out error tables.
Player Spotlight
Immersive features built around a player's image and season.
Spotlights are built around licensed photography and match-by-match data. Neither is cleared for this build, so none are published.
- Licensed cutout photography, cleared for each player (the asset pipeline accepts CC0, public-domain and CC BY / BY-SA images).
- Match-by-match data for a season narrative, beyond the two-year totals the model uses.
- Valuation history, which arrives with the full local player export.



