FairValue

Checking model

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  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

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Leo

Kokubo

GKJapan · Sint-Truidense VV

№ 501737Established €6.2M −0.22

Player dossierPro League

LeoKokubo

GKGoalkeeperGoalkeeper

Club
Sint-Truidense VV
League
Pro League
Nationality
Japan
Age
25
Height
193 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
4 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Kokubo at €5M. Model A, which never saw Kokubo during training, estimates €6.2M: the market value is 20% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.25. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €7.5M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.22A €6.2M▼ −0.41B €7.5M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
65
Minutes
5,850
Started
65/65
Min / app
90
Cards
7Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Kokubo…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €5M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €5MModel A €6.2M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 485 goalkeepers

Leo Kokubo's percentiles among goalkeepers: Minutes, two years 84th, Starts 62nd, Minutes, last 365 days 90th, European club minutes 32nd84thMinutes62ndStarts90thRecent32ndEurope

Dashed ring: the goalkeeper median (50th percentile)

Minutes, last 365 days

Club minutes in the final year of the window: recent involvement, or the absence of it.

3,420 this player1,560 goalkeeper median90th percentile

0peer deciles · median line · this player ●4,970

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€50k
Jan 2019
Peak
€5M
Mar 2026
Model target
€5M
Jun 2026
Valuations
15
3 club changes
Jun 2026€5MSint-Truidense VVValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €5M, Sint-Truidense VV. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2019-01-05€50kKashiwa Reysol U18
2020-11-02€100kSL Benfica B
2021-06-29€100kSL Benfica B
2022-04-01€125kSL Benfica B
2022-06-27€125kSL Benfica B
2022-12-28€125kSL Benfica B
2023-06-28€125kSL Benfica B
2023-12-14€750kSL Benfica
2024-06-06€750kSL Benfica
2024-10-02€1MSint-Truidense VV
2024-12-11€2.5MSint-Truidense VV
2025-06-12€3MSint-Truidense VV
2025-12-10€4MSint-Truidense VV
2026-03-13€5MSint-Truidense VV
2026-06-04€5MSint-Truidense VV

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
non-UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.219

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Pro League350 players · median €1.8M

Valued above 85% of the 350 Pro League players.

€100k€750k€5M€30M€5MSee them in the Explorer →

Goalkeepers, all leagues485 players · median €1M

Valued above 79% of the 485 goalkeepers.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€5MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Kokubo appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).