Luiz
Felipe
CBItaly · Rayo Vallecano
Player dossierLaLiga
LuizFelipe
CBCentre-BackDefender
- Club
- Rayo Vallecano
- League
- LaLiga
- Nationality
- Italy
- Age
- 29
- Height
- 187 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 5 Jun 2026
LaLigaReading the valuation
The market values Felipe at €2M. Model A, which never saw Felipe during training, estimates €1.1M: the market value is 80% above that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.80. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €577k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 15
- Minutes
- 711
- Goals
- 0
- Assists
- 0
- Started
- 10/15
- Min / app
- 47
- Cards
- 3Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Felipe…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €2M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders
Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)
European club minutes
Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.
0% this player0% defender median30th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €50k
- Aug 2016
- Peak
- €22M
- Aug 2020
- Model target
- €2M
- Jun 2026
- Valuations
- 27
- 6 club changes
Jun 2026: €2M, Rayo Vallecano. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2016-08-30 | €50k | SS Lazio |
| 2016-12-19 | €200k | US Salernitana 1919 |
| 2017-06-09 | €200k | US Salernitana 1919 |
| 2017-12-29 | €800k | SS Lazio |
| 2018-03-24 | €3.5M | SS Lazio |
| 2018-06-07 | €8M | SS Lazio |
| 2018-12-20 | €8M | SS Lazio |
| 2019-06-06 | €10M | SS Lazio |
| 2019-12-09 | €12M | SS Lazio |
| 2020-03-03 | €20M | SS Lazio |
| 2020-04-08 | €16M | SS Lazio |
| 2020-08-25 | €22M | SS Lazio |
| 2020-12-29 | €22M | SS Lazio |
| 2021-03-23 | €20M | SS Lazio |
| 2021-06-03 | €18M | SS Lazio |
| 2021-12-28 | €18M | SS Lazio |
| 2022-06-07 | €16M | SS Lazio |
| 2022-09-23 | €18M | Real Betis Balompié |
| 2022-11-07 | €15M | Real Betis Balompié |
| 2023-06-13 | €15M | Real Betis Balompié |
| 2023-12-15 | €15M | Al-Ittihad Club |
| 2024-06-04 | €13M | Al-Ittihad Club |
| 2024-12-13 | €8M | Al-Ittihad Club |
| 2025-03-24 | €6M | Olympique Marseille |
| 2025-06-03 | €5M | Olympique Marseille |
| 2025-12-12 | €3M | Rayo Vallecano |
| 2026-06-05 | €2M | Rayo Vallecano |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- +0.588
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M
Valued above 49% of the 2,065 defenders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Felipe appears
- TerminalLaLiga in the Player Explorer
- TerminalLaLiga on the League Landscape
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- GudeljDMSevilla FC · LaLiga€2M
- GalarretaCMAthletic Bilbao · LaLiga€2M
- ToljanRBLevante UD · LaLiga€2M
- DimitrievskiGKValencia CF · LaLiga€2M
- HummelsCBAS Roma · defenders€2M
- GünterLBSC Freiburg · defenders€2M
- KohrCB1.FSV Mainz 05 · defenders€2M
- KayembeLBKRC Genk · defenders€2M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).