Théo
Leoni
CMBelgium · Stade Reims
Player dossierLigue 1
ThéoLeoni
CMCentral MidfieldMidfield
- Club
- Stade Reims
- League
- Ligue 1
- Nationality
- Belgium
- Age
- 25
- Height
- 174 cm
- Foot
- Left
- Valued
- 11 Dec 2025
Ligue 1Reading the valuation
The market values Leoni at €3M. Model A, which never saw Leoni during training, estimates €4M: the market value is 26% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.35. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €3.3M, closer to the market here, although it is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07).
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 45
- Minutes
- 2,831
- Goals
- 5
- Assists
- 2
- Started
- 31/45
- Min / app
- 63
- Cards
- 5Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Leoni…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €3M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders
Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)
European club minutes
Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.
24% this player0% midfielder median90th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €100k
- Mar 2021
- Peak
- €5M
- Mar 2024
- Model target
- €3M
- Dec 2025
- Valuations
- 13
- 3 club changes
Dec 2025: €3M, Stade Reims. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2021-03-17 | €100k | RSC Anderlecht U21 |
| 2021-06-07 | €100k | RSC Anderlecht U21 |
| 2022-10-05 | €350k | RSCA Futures |
| 2022-12-22 | €800k | RSCA Futures |
| 2023-05-30 | €800k | RSCA Futures |
| 2023-10-23 | €4M | RSC Anderlecht |
| 2023-12-19 | €4M | RSC Anderlecht |
| 2024-03-22 | €5M | RSC Anderlecht |
| 2024-06-04 | €5M | RSC Anderlecht |
| 2024-12-11 | €5M | RSC Anderlecht |
| 2025-03-26 | €4M | RSC Anderlecht |
| 2025-06-12 | €3M | RSC Anderlecht |
| 2025-12-11 | €3M | Stade Reims |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.297
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Ligue 1423 players · median €5M
Valued above 30% of the 423 Ligue 1 players.
See them in the Explorer →Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M
Valued above 56% of the 1,687 midfielders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Leoni appears
- TerminalLigue 1 in the Player Explorer
- TerminalLigue 1 on the League Landscape
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- AndréDMLOSC Lille · Ligue 1€3M
- KondogbiaDMOlympique Marseille · Ligue 1€3M
- LlorisCBLe Havre AC · Ligue 1€3M
- AjorqueCFStade Brestois 29 · Ligue 1€3M
- MkhitaryanCMInter Milan · midfielders€3M
- GötzeAMEintracht Frankfurt · midfielders€3M
- ArnoldCMVfL Wolfsburg · midfielders€3M
- DarderCMRCD Mallorca · midfielders€3M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).