FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Jonathan

Panzo

CBEngland · Rio Ave FC

№ 392777Emerging €1.4M +0.05

Player dossierLiga Portugal

JonathanPanzo

CBCentre-BackDefender

Club
Rio Ave FC
League
Liga Portugal
Nationality
England
Age
25
Height
188 cm
Foot
Left
Valued
18 Dec 2025

Reading the valuation

The market values Panzo at €1.5M. Model A, which never saw Panzo during training, estimates €1.4M: the market value is 6% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.06. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €2.5M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.05A €1.4M▼ −0.53B €2.5M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
35
Minutes
2,497
Goals
1
Assists
0
Started
29/35
Min / app
71
Cards
8Y 1R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Panzo…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €1.5M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €1.5MModel A €1.4M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

Jonathan Panzo's percentiles among defenders: Goals per 90 53rd, Assists per 90 17th, Minutes, two years 43rd, Starts 51st, Minutes, last 365 days 54th, European club minutes 30th53rdGoals17thAssists43rdMinutes51stStarts54thRecent30thEurope

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

Minutes, last 365 days

Club minutes in the final year of the window: recent involvement, or the absence of it.

1,798 this player1,687 defender median54th percentile

0peer deciles · median line · this player ●4,941

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€3M
Sept 2018
Peak
€5M
Jan 2021
Model target
€1.5M
Dec 2025
Valuations
19
8 club changes
Dec 2025€1.5MRio Ave FCValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Dec 2025: €1.5M, Rio Ave FC. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2018-09-06€3MAS Monaco B
2018-12-17€3MAS Monaco B
2019-09-13€3MCercle Brugge
2019-12-13€3MCercle Brugge
2020-04-08€2.7MCercle Brugge
2020-10-15€3.5MDijon FCO
2021-01-07€5MDijon FCO
2021-06-04€4MDijon FCO
2021-10-27€3MDijon FCO
2021-12-27€2.5MDijon FCO
2022-05-13€2.5MNottingham Forest
2022-10-27€3MCoventry City
2023-06-01€3MNottingham Forest
2023-10-27€2MCardiff City
2023-12-21€1.2MCardiff City
2024-06-04€1.2MStandard Liège
2024-12-19€1.2MRio Ave FC
2025-05-30€1.2MRio Ave FC
2025-12-18€1.5MRio Ave FC

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.055

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Liga Portugal423 players · median €1M

Valued above 53% of the 423 Liga Portugal players.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€1.5MSee them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 43% of the 2,065 defenders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€1.5MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Panzo appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).