FairValue

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  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
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André

Horta

CMPortugal · UD Almería

№ 329722Established €2.4M −0.19

Player dossierLaLiga

AndréHorta

CMCentral MidfieldMidfield

Club
UD Almería
League
LaLiga
Nationality
Portugal
Age
29
Height
167 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
30 Dec 2025

Reading the valuation

The market values Horta at €2M. Model A, which never saw Horta during training, estimates €2.4M: the market value is 17% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.21. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €2M, closer to the market here, although it is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07).

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.19A €2.4M▲ +0.01B €2M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
33
Minutes
1,535
Goals
2
Assists
8
Started
17/33
Min / app
47
Cards
1Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Horta…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €2M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €2MModel A €2.4M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders

André Horta's percentiles among midfielders: Goals per 90 61st, Assists per 90 99th, Minutes, two years 26th, Starts 23rd, Minutes, last 365 days 7th, European club minutes 93rd61stGoals99thAssists26thMinutes23rdStarts7thRecent93rdEurope

Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)

Assists per 90

Club assists per 90 minutes in the same window.

0.47 this player0.09 midfielder median99th percentile

0.00peer deciles · median line · this player ●0.74

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€200k
Feb 2015
Peak
€6M
Jun 2018
Model target
€2M
Dec 2025
Valuations
30
8 club changes
Dec 2025€2MUD AlmeríaValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Dec 2025: €2M, UD Almería. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2015-02-17€200kVitória Setúbal FC
2015-07-01€250kVitória Setúbal FC
2015-10-07€500kVitória Setúbal FC
2016-02-24€1.5MVitória Setúbal FC
2016-07-29€2MSL Benfica
2016-10-31€4MSL Benfica
2017-02-22€4MSL Benfica
2017-06-26€2MSL Benfica
2018-02-07€2.5MSC Braga
2018-04-16€5MSC Braga
2018-06-13€6MSC Braga
2018-12-15€6MLos Angeles FC
2019-03-20€5MLos Angeles FC
2019-05-27€4.5MLos Angeles FC
2019-12-30€5MSC Braga
2020-04-08€4MSC Braga
2020-08-17€5MSC Braga
2021-01-28€4MSC Braga
2021-05-21€4MSC Braga
2021-12-27€4MSC Braga
2022-05-31€5MSC Braga
2022-11-01€5MSC Braga
2023-06-16€6MSC Braga
2023-12-27€6MSC Braga
2024-03-06€5MOlympiacos Piraeus
2024-05-30€5MOlympiacos Piraeus
2024-10-08€4.5MSC Braga
2024-12-19€4.5MSC Braga
2025-05-23€4MOlympiacos Piraeus
2025-12-30€2MUD Almería

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.191

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

LaLiga509 players · median €4M

Valued above 28% of the 509 LaLiga players.

€100k€1M€10M€100M€2MSee them in the Explorer →

Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M

Valued above 46% of the 1,687 midfielders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€2MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Horta appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).