Michael
Brouwer
GKNetherlands · FC Utrecht
Player dossierEredivisie
MichaelBrouwer
GKGoalkeeperGoalkeeper
- Club
- FC Utrecht
- League
- Eredivisie
- Nationality
- Netherlands
- Age
- 33
- Height
- 189 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 28 May 2026
Reading the valuation
The market values Brouwer at €250k. Model A, which never saw Brouwer during training, estimates €422k: the market value is 41% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.69. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €708k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 12
- Minutes
- 966
- Started
- 10/12
- Min / app
- 81
- Cards
- 0Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Brouwer…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €250k
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 485 goalkeepers
Dashed ring: the goalkeeper median (50th percentile)
European club minutes
Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.
21% this player0% goalkeeper median85th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €50k
- Aug 2012
- Peak
- €700k
- May 2024
- Model target
- €250k
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 29
- 4 club changes
May 2026: €250k, FC Utrecht. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2012-08-02 | €50k | AGOVV Apeldoorn |
| 2014-02-11 | €50k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2014-08-11 | €50k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2015-02-11 | €50k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2015-07-01 | €50k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2016-02-05 | €50k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2016-07-15 | €50k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2017-01-18 | €50k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2017-06-07 | €100k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2018-01-17 | €100k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2018-06-12 | €100k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2018-12-28 | €100k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2019-06-12 | €100k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2019-12-18 | €100k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2020-10-14 | €100k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2021-01-06 | €350k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2021-05-19 | €350k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2021-10-12 | €300k | FC Emmen |
| 2022-01-12 | €325k | FC Emmen |
| 2022-03-24 | €400k | FC Emmen |
| 2022-06-23 | €550k | FC Emmen |
| 2023-07-04 | €550k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2023-12-15 | €650k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2024-05-31 | €700k | Heracles Almelo |
| 2024-10-14 | €600k | FC Utrecht |
| 2024-12-17 | €500k | FC Utrecht |
| 2025-05-28 | €400k | FC Utrecht |
| 2025-12-02 | €300k | FC Utrecht |
| 2026-05-28 | €250k | FC Utrecht |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.523
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Eredivisie425 players · median €1M
Valued above 5% of the 425 Eredivisie players.
See them in the Explorer →Goalkeepers, all leagues485 players · median €1M
Valued above 13% of the 485 goalkeepers.
See them in the Explorer →Where Brouwer appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- AyewCFNAC Breda · Eredivisie€250k
- AanholtLBSparta Rotterdam · Eredivisie€250k
- ZoetGKAZ Alkmaar · Eredivisie€250k
- PintoRBFortuna Sittard · Eredivisie€250k
- PalamarchukGKLNZ Cherkasy · goalkeepers€250k
- LodyginGKLevadiakos · goalkeepers€250k
- KoselevGKAtromitos Athens · goalkeepers€250k
- JurjusGKFC Groningen · goalkeepers€250k
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).