Rubens
LBBrazil · Dynamo Moscow
Player dossierPremier Liga
Rubens
LBLeft-BackDefender
- Club
- Dynamo Moscow
- League
- Premier Liga
- Nationality
- Brazil
- Age
- 24
- Height
- 178 cm
- Foot
- Left
- Valued
- 26 May 2026
Premier LigaReading the valuation
The market values Rubens at €8M. Model A, which never saw Rubens during training, estimates €1.5M: the market value is 426% above that estimate.
That is a factor of ×5.26. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €754k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 28
- Minutes
- 1,961
- Goals
- 0
- Assists
- 0
- Started
- 25/28
- Min / app
- 70
- Cards
- 6Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Rubens…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €8M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders
Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)
Starts
Share of appearances started rather than entered from the bench.
89% this player83% defender median67th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €2M
- Jul 2022
- Peak
- €8M
- Sept 2025
- Model target
- €8M
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 14
- 1 club change
May 2026: €8M, Dynamo Moscow. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2022-07-05 | €2M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2022-08-19 | €2M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2022-11-14 | €4M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2023-04-07 | €4M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2023-07-25 | €4M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2023-12-11 | €4M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2024-03-28 | €4M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2024-06-17 | €4M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2024-12-09 | €4M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2025-03-28 | €4.5M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2025-06-06 | €6M | Clube Atlético Mineiro |
| 2025-09-18 | €8M | Dynamo Moscow |
| 2025-12-16 | €8M | Dynamo Moscow |
| 2026-05-26 | €8M | Dynamo Moscow |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- non-UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- +1.660
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Premier Liga412 players · median €1M
Valued above 93% of the 412 Premier Liga players.
See them in the Explorer →Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M
Valued above 78% of the 2,065 defenders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Rubens appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- ChernikovDMFC Krasnodar · Premier Liga€8M
- BatxiRWFC Krasnodar · Premier Liga€8M
- SilyanovRBLokomotiv Moscow · Premier Liga€8M
- PinyaevLWLokomotiv Moscow · Premier Liga€8M
- LaporteCBAthletic Bilbao · defenders€8M
- MaguireCBManchester United · defenders€8M
- CanceloRBFC Barcelona · defenders€8M
- ShawLBManchester United · defenders€8M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).