FairValue

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  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
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Marin

Ljubicic

CFCroatia · 1.FC Union Berlin

№ 838236Established €1.5M +0.53

Player dossierBundesliga

MarinLjubicic

CFCentre-ForwardAttack

Club
1.FC Union Berlin
League
Bundesliga
Nationality
Croatia
Age
23
Height
183 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
19 Dec 2025

Reading the valuation

The market values Ljubicic at €2.5M. Model A, which never saw Ljubicic during training, estimates €1.5M: the market value is 71% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.71. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €985k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.53A €1.5M▲ +0.93B €985k
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
15
Minutes
451
Goals
1
Assists
1
Started
3/15
Min / app
30
Cards
2Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Ljubicic…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €2.5M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €2.5MModel A €1.5M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers

Marin Ljubicic's percentiles among attackers: Goals per 90 36th, Assists per 90 70th, Minutes, two years 0th, Starts 3rd, Minutes, last 365 days 7th, European club minutes 98th36thGoals70thAssists0thMinutes3rdStarts7thRecent98thEurope

Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)

European club minutes

Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.

40% this player0% attacker median98th percentile

0%peer deciles · median line · this player ●100%

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€50k
Dec 2020
Peak
€8M
May 2024
Model target
€2.5M
Dec 2025
Valuations
15
3 club changes
Dec 2025€2.5M1.FC Union BerlinValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Dec 2025: €2.5M, 1.FC Union Berlin. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2020-12-28€50kHNK Hajduk Split U19
2021-06-10€350kHNK Hajduk Split
2021-12-30€1.5MHNK Hajduk Split
2022-06-06€1.5MHNK Hajduk Split
2022-09-20€2.5MLASK
2022-11-10€3.5MLASK
2023-06-12€3.5MLASK
2023-09-11€3MLASK
2023-12-11€2.5MLASK
2024-05-21€8MLASK
2024-10-10€6MLASK
2024-12-17€4MLASK
2025-06-05€4M1.FC Union Berlin
2025-10-14€3M1.FC Union Berlin
2025-12-19€2.5M1.FC Union Berlin

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.534

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Bundesliga451 players · median €5M

Valued above 25% of the 451 Bundesliga players.

€300k€2M€15M€100M€2.5MSee them in the Explorer →

Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M

Valued above 48% of the 1,583 attackers.

€20k€300k€5M€75M€2.5MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Ljubicic appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).