Kacper
Kozlowski
AMPoland · Gaziantep FK
Player dossierSüper Lig
KacperKozlowski
AMAttacking MidfieldMidfield
- Club
- Gaziantep FK
- League
- Süper Lig
- Nationality
- Poland
- Age
- 22
- Height
- 182 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 21 May 2026
Süper LigReading the valuation
The market values Kozlowski at €6M. Model A, which never saw Kozlowski during training, estimates €4.5M: the market value is 32% above that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.32. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €7.1M, closer to the market here, although it is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07).
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 58
- Minutes
- 4,781
- Goals
- 10
- Assists
- 8
- Started
- 56/58
- Min / app
- 82
- Cards
- 16Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Kozlowski…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €6M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders
Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)
Starts
Share of appearances started rather than entered from the bench.
97% this player69% midfielder median95th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €50k
- Jan 2020
- Peak
- €10M
- Dec 2021
- Model target
- €6M
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 19
- 3 club changes
May 2026: €6M, Gaziantep FK. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-15 | €50k | Pogon Szczecin |
| 2021-01-19 | €1.5M | Pogon Szczecin |
| 2021-05-31 | €5M | Pogon Szczecin |
| 2021-10-15 | €8M | Pogon Szczecin |
| 2021-12-31 | €10M | Pogon Szczecin |
| 2022-04-12 | €9M | Union Saint-Gilloise |
| 2022-05-26 | €8M | Union Saint-Gilloise |
| 2022-11-11 | €8M | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2023-06-23 | €8M | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2023-10-17 | €5M | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2023-12-15 | €5M | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2024-05-31 | €5M | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2024-10-04 | €4.5M | Gaziantep FK |
| 2024-12-23 | €4.5M | Gaziantep FK |
| 2025-03-20 | €4.2M | Gaziantep FK |
| 2025-06-18 | €4.2M | Gaziantep FK |
| 2025-10-01 | €4.5M | Gaziantep FK |
| 2025-12-17 | €5M | Gaziantep FK |
| 2026-05-21 | €6M | Gaziantep FK |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- +0.278
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Süper Lig428 players · median €1.2M
Valued above 84% of the 428 Süper Lig players.
See them in the Explorer →Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M
Valued above 69% of the 1,687 midfielders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Kozlowski appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- SemedoRBFenerbahce · Süper Lig€6M
- OnuachuCFTrabzonspor · Süper Lig€6M
- ZubkovRWTrabzonspor · Süper Lig€6M
- DrongelenCBSamsunspor · Süper Lig€6M
- CasemiroDMManchester United · midfielders€6M
- SabitzerCMBorussia Dortmund · midfielders€6M
- AndrichDMBayer 04 Leverkusen · midfielders€6M
- PašalićCMAtalanta BC · midfielders€6M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).