Giovanni
Reyna
AMUnited States · Borussia Mönchengladbach
Player dossierBundesliga
GiovanniReyna
AMAttacking MidfieldMidfield
- Club
- Borussia Mönchengladbach
- League
- Bundesliga
- Nationality
- United States
- Age
- 23
- Height
- 187 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 27 May 2026
BundesligaReading the valuation
The market values Reyna at €4M. Model A, which never saw Reyna during training, estimates €4M: the market value is 1% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.01. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €2.9M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 46
- Minutes
- 1,204
- Goals
- 3
- Assists
- 2
- Started
- 10/46
- Min / app
- 26
- Cards
- 4Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Reyna…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €4M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders
Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)
European club minutes
Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.
24% this player0% midfielder median90th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €6M
- Feb 2020
- Peak
- €42M
- Oct 2021
- Model target
- €4M
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 23
- 3 club changes
May 2026: €4M, Borussia Mönchengladbach. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-02-11 | €6M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2020-03-11 | €15M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2020-04-08 | €13.5M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2020-07-08 | €15M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2020-11-26 | €30M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2021-02-10 | €38M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2021-06-09 | €38M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2021-10-07 | €42M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2021-12-22 | €42M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2022-06-09 | €35M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2022-11-09 | €35M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2023-03-29 | €28M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2023-06-22 | €25M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2023-10-18 | €20M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2023-12-14 | €20M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2024-05-27 | €18M | Nottingham Forest |
| 2024-10-09 | €12M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2024-12-20 | €12M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2025-03-27 | €10M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2025-06-05 | €7M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2025-12-19 | €6M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2026-03-20 | €4M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2026-05-27 | €4M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- non-UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.009
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Bundesliga451 players · median €5M
Valued above 39% of the 451 Bundesliga players.
See them in the Explorer →Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M
Valued above 61% of the 1,687 midfielders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Reyna appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- NeuerGKBayern Munich · Bundesliga€4M
- SüleCBBorussia Dortmund · Bundesliga€4M
- GrifoLWSC Freiburg · Bundesliga€4M
- ZettererGKEintracht Frankfurt · Bundesliga€4M
- BarkleyCMAston Villa · midfielders€4M
- EndoDMLiverpool FC · midfielders€4M
- ThomassonCMRC Lens · midfielders€4M
- KarlströmDMUdinese Calcio · midfielders€4M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).