FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Vitinha

DMPortugal · Paris Saint-Germain

№ 487469World Class €66.3M +0.75

Player dossierLigue 1

Vitinha

DMDefensive MidfieldMidfield

Club
Paris Saint-Germain
League
Ligue 1
Nationality
Portugal
Age
26
Height
170 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
1 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Vitinha at €140M. Model A, which never saw Vitinha during training, estimates €66.3M: the market value is 111% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×2.11. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €63M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.75A €66.3M▲ +0.80B €63M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
101
Minutes
7,944
Goals
15
Assists
15
Started
86/101
Min / app
79
Cards
3Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Vitinha…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €140M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €140MModel A €66.3M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders

Vitinha's percentiles among midfielders: Goals per 90 77th, Assists per 90 77th, Minutes, two years 99th, Starts 79th, Minutes, last 365 days 99th, European club minutes 99th77thGoals77thAssists99thMinutes79thStarts99thRecent99thEurope

Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)

Minutes, last 365 days

Club minutes in the final year of the window: recent involvement, or the absence of it.

4,371 this player1,541 midfielder median99th percentile

0peer deciles · median line · this player ●4,800

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€1.5M
Dec 2019
Peak
€140M
Jun 2026
Model target
€140M
Jun 2026
Valuations
23
4 club changes
Jun 2026€140MParis Saint-GermainValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €140M, Paris Saint-Germain. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2019-12-31€1.5MFC Porto B
2020-04-08€1.3MFC Porto
2020-08-17€5MFC Porto
2020-10-13€5MWolverhampton Wanderers
2021-03-18€6MWolverhampton Wanderers
2021-06-08€7MWolverhampton Wanderers
2021-12-27€12MFC Porto
2022-03-10€24MFC Porto
2022-05-31€30MFC Porto
2022-09-19€40MParis Saint-Germain
2022-11-02€45MParis Saint-Germain
2023-03-27€42MParis Saint-Germain
2023-06-27€42MParis Saint-Germain
2023-10-16€45MParis Saint-Germain
2023-12-18€45MParis Saint-Germain
2024-06-03€50MParis Saint-Germain
2024-07-18€55MParis Saint-Germain
2024-12-10€55MParis Saint-Germain
2025-03-24€60MParis Saint-Germain
2025-06-03€80MParis Saint-Germain
2025-10-10€90MParis Saint-Germain
2025-12-15€110MParis Saint-Germain
2026-06-01€140MParis Saint-Germain

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.748

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Ligue 1423 players · median €5M

The joint highest observed value among 423 Ligue 1 players.

€100k€750k€5M€30M€140MSee them in the Explorer →

Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M

Joint 2nd highest observed value among 1,687 midfielders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€140MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Vitinha appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).