Arvin
Appiah
LBEngland · Amiens SC
Player dossierLigue 1
ArvinAppiah
LBLeft-BackDefender
- Club
- Amiens SC
- League
- Ligue 1
- Nationality
- England
- Age
- 24
- Height
- 177 cm
- Foot
- Left
- Valued
- 11 Dec 2025
Ligue 1Reading the valuation
The market values Appiah at €700k. Model A, which never saw Appiah during training, estimates €1.2M: the market value is 41% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.70. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €588k, closer to the market here, although it is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07).
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 27
- Minutes
- 1,394
- Goals
- 0
- Assists
- 0
- Started
- 16/27
- Min / app
- 52
- Cards
- 3Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Appiah…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €700k
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders
Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)
European club minutes
Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.
0% this player0% defender median30th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €250k
- Jun 2019
- Peak
- €5M
- Sept 2019
- Model target
- €700k
- Dec 2025
- Valuations
- 18
- 8 club changes
Dec 2025: €700k, Amiens SC. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2019-06-28 | €250k | Nottingham Forest |
| 2019-09-10 | €5M | UD Almería |
| 2019-12-20 | €2M | UD Almería |
| 2020-04-08 | €1.8M | UD Almería |
| 2020-10-08 | €1.5M | UD Almería |
| 2021-01-08 | €800k | UD Almería |
| 2021-06-24 | €600k | CD Lugo |
| 2021-12-27 | €600k | UD Almería |
| 2022-06-29 | €600k | UD Almería |
| 2022-12-29 | €600k | CD Tenerife |
| 2023-03-24 | €500k | Málaga CF |
| 2023-06-14 | €500k | Málaga CF |
| 2023-12-21 | €500k | Rotherham United |
| 2024-05-24 | €400k | Rotherham United |
| 2024-12-19 | €400k | CD Nacional |
| 2025-05-30 | €500k | CD Nacional |
| 2025-10-13 | €600k | Amiens SC |
| 2025-12-11 | €700k | Amiens SC |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.531
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Ligue 1423 players · median €5M
Valued above 5% of the 423 Ligue 1 players.
See them in the Explorer →Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M
Valued above 26% of the 2,065 defenders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Appiah appears
- TerminalLigue 1 in the Player Explorer
- TerminalLigue 1 on the League Landscape
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- CoquelinDMFC Nantes · Ligue 1€700k
- AppiahRBAS Saint-Étienne · Ligue 1€700k
- DupéGKOGC Nice · Ligue 1€700k
- SamattaCFLe Havre AC · Ligue 1€700k
- AlbiolCBPisa Sporting Club · defenders€700k
- D'AmbrosioCBAC Monza · defenders€700k
- FemeníaRBGetafe CF · defenders€700k
- UronenLBAtromitos Athens · defenders€700k
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).