Ricky van
Wolfswinkel
CFNetherlands · FC Twente Enschede
Player dossierEredivisie
Ricky vanWolfswinkel
CFCentre-ForwardAttack
- Club
- FC Twente Enschede
- League
- Eredivisie
- Nationality
- Netherlands
- Age
- 37
- Height
- 186 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 28 May 2026
Reading the valuation
The market values Wolfswinkel at €200k. Model A, which never saw Wolfswinkel during training, estimates €585k: the market value is 66% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×2.92. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €1.4M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 73
- Minutes
- 4,550
- Goals
- 20
- Assists
- 3
- Started
- 46/73
- Min / app
- 62
- Cards
- 9Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Wolfswinkel…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €200k
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers
Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)
Minutes, two years
Total club minutes in the two-year window: how much the player was used.
4,550 this player2,242 attacker median87th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €50k
- Jul 2006
- Peak
- €10.5M
- Jul 2012
- Model target
- €200k
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 43
- 9 club changes
May 2026: €200k, FC Twente Enschede. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2006-07-01 | €50k | Vitesse/AGOVV U19 |
| 2008-08-03 | €350k | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2008-12-02 | €1.3M | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2009-06-08 | €2M | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2010-01-07 | €3M | FC Utrecht |
| 2011-01-17 | €6M | FC Utrecht |
| 2012-02-02 | €9M | Sporting CP |
| 2012-07-07 | €10.5M | Sporting CP |
| 2013-07-02 | €10.5M | Norwich City |
| 2013-09-24 | €10M | Norwich City |
| 2014-01-15 | €7.5M | Norwich City |
| 2014-08-07 | €6.3M | AS Saint-Étienne |
| 2015-01-14 | €6M | AS Saint-Étienne |
| 2015-06-06 | €5M | AS Saint-Étienne |
| 2015-11-23 | €4M | Real Betis Balompié |
| 2016-02-22 | €3M | Real Betis Balompié |
| 2016-04-07 | €2.5M | Real Betis Balompié |
| 2016-08-15 | €2M | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2017-01-18 | €2.5M | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2017-06-07 | €3.5M | Vitesse Arnhem |
| 2017-07-12 | €3.5M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2017-09-29 | €4.3M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2018-01-08 | €4M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2018-04-24 | €3.3M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2018-07-12 | €3M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2019-01-21 | €2.5M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2019-04-15 | €2.5M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2019-06-04 | €2.5M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2020-01-06 | €2.5M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2020-04-08 | €2M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2020-07-31 | €2M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2020-12-28 | €1M | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2021-06-23 | €500k | FC Basel 1893 |
| 2022-01-05 | €500k | FC Twente Enschede |
| 2022-06-08 | €800k | FC Twente Enschede |
| 2022-11-11 | €800k | FC Twente Enschede |
| 2023-06-23 | €650k | FC Twente Enschede |
| 2023-12-15 | €600k | FC Twente Enschede |
| 2024-05-31 | €550k | FC Twente Enschede |
| 2024-12-17 | €450k | FC Twente Enschede |
| 2025-05-28 | €400k | FC Twente Enschede |
| 2025-12-02 | €400k | FC Twente Enschede |
| 2026-05-28 | €200k | FC Twente Enschede |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −1.073
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Eredivisie425 players · median €1M
Valued above 3% of the 425 Eredivisie players.
See them in the Explorer →Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M
Valued above 4% of the 1,583 attackers.
See them in the Explorer →Where Wolfswinkel appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- NuytinckCBNEC Nijmegen · Eredivisie€200k
- ToornstraAMSparta Rotterdam · Eredivisie€200k
- WierikCBHeracles Almelo · Eredivisie€200k
- AmevorCBFC Volendam · Eredivisie€200k
- MortensenCFAarhus GF · attackers€200k
- OliveiraCFVitória Guimarães SC · attackers€200k
- LoukinasCFNiki Volou · attackers€200k
- NgbakotoRWVejle Boldklub · attackers€200k
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).