FairValue

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  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
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Dave

Richards

GKWales · Dundee United FC

№ 238479Emerging €101k −0.29

Player dossierPremiership

DaveRichards

GKGoalkeeperGoalkeeper

Club
Dundee United FC
League
Premiership
Nationality
Wales
Age
32
Height
186 cm
Foot
–
Valued
20 May 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Richards at €75k. Model A, which never saw Richards during training, estimates €101k: the market value is 26% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.34. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €186k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.29A €101k▼ −0.91B €186k
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
13
Minutes
1,112
Started
12/13
Min / app
86
Cards
1Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Richards…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €75k

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €75kModel A €101k

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 485 goalkeepers

Dave Richards's percentiles among goalkeepers: Minutes, two years 21st, Starts 9th, Minutes, last 365 days 40th, European club minutes 32nd21stMinutes9thStarts40thRecent32ndEurope

Dashed ring: the goalkeeper median (50th percentile)

Minutes, last 365 days

Club minutes in the final year of the window: recent involvement, or the absence of it.

1,112 this player1,560 goalkeeper median40th percentile

0peer deciles · median line · this player ●4,970

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€50k
Sept 2014
Peak
€100k
Apr 2023
Model target
€75k
May 2026
Valuations
13
4 club changes
May 2026€75kDundee United FCValuation the model is trained to reproduce

May 2026: €75k, Dundee United FC. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2014-09-23€50kBristol City
2015-10-16€50kCrewe Alexandra
2016-05-30€50kCrewe Alexandra
2016-08-05€50kCrewe Alexandra
2023-04-06€100kCrewe Alexandra
2023-06-23€100kCrewe Alexandra
2023-12-05€100kSt. Johnstone FC
2024-05-30€100kSt. Johnstone FC
2024-06-27€75kCrewe Alexandra
2024-12-03€75kDundee United FC
2025-06-17€75kDundee United FC
2025-12-10€75kDundee United FC
2026-05-20€75kDundee United FC

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.295

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Premiership311 players · median €400k

Valued above 5% of the 311 Premiership players.

€20k€150k€1M€7.5M€75kSee them in the Explorer →

Goalkeepers, all leagues485 players · median €1M

Valued above 3% of the 485 goalkeepers.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€75kSee them in the Explorer →

Where Richards appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).