Nordin
Bukala
CMNetherlands · FC Volendam
Player dossierEredivisie
NordinBukala
CMCentral MidfieldMidfield
- Club
- FC Volendam
- League
- Eredivisie
- Nationality
- Netherlands
- Age
- 20
- Height
- 184 cm
- Foot
- –
- Valued
- 28 May 2026
Reading the valuation
The market values Bukala at €600k. Model A, which never saw Bukala during training, estimates €825k: the market value is 27% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.38. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €2.2M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 28
- Minutes
- 1,990
- Goals
- 2
- Assists
- 1
- Started
- 23/28
- Min / app
- 71
- Cards
- 5Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Bukala…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €600k
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders
Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)
Starts
Share of appearances started rather than entered from the bench.
82% this player69% midfielder median74th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €50k
- Jan 2024
- Peak
- €600k
- Dec 2025
- Model target
- €600k
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 7
- 1 club change
May 2026: €600k, FC Volendam. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-01-08 | €50k | FC Utrecht U21 |
| 2024-06-10 | €100k | FC Utrecht U21 |
| 2025-03-14 | €275k | FC Volendam |
| 2025-06-09 | €275k | FC Volendam |
| 2025-10-02 | €400k | FC Volendam |
| 2025-12-02 | €600k | FC Volendam |
| 2026-05-28 | €600k | FC Volendam |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.319
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Eredivisie425 players · median €1M
Valued above 28% of the 425 Eredivisie players.
See them in the Explorer →Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M
Valued above 20% of the 1,687 midfielders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Bukala appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- HrusticCMHeracles Almelo · Eredivisie€600k
- AmofaCBSC Cambuur Leeuwarden · Eredivisie€600k
- ClementCMSparta Rotterdam · Eredivisie€600k
- OwusuCMSC Telstar · Eredivisie€600k
- LarssonAMFatih Karagümrük · midfielders€600k
- TimofeevDMLokomotiv Moscow · midfielders€600k
- TankovskyiCMLNZ Cherkasy · midfielders€600k
- ShvetsDMRubin Kazan · midfielders€600k
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).