FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Portrait of Ange-Yoan Bonny

Ange-Yoan

Bonny

CFCote d'Ivoire · Inter Milan

№ 827734World Class €34.4M +0.02

Photo: Bryan Berlin / WikiPortraits, CC BY-SA 4.0 (background removed)

Player dossierSerie A

Ange-YoanBonny

CFCentre-ForwardAttack

Club
Inter Milan
League
Serie A
Nationality
Cote d'Ivoire
Age
22
Height
189 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
29 May 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Bonny at €35M. Model A, which never saw Bonny during training, estimates €34.4M: the market value is 2% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.02. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €18.1M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.02A €34.4M▲ +0.66B €18.1M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
85
Minutes
4,266
Goals
13
Assists
13
Started
46/85
Min / app
50
Cards
3Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Bonny…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €35M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €35MModel A €34.4M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers

Ange-Yoan Bonny's percentiles among attackers: Goals per 90 52nd, Assists per 90 87th, Minutes, two years 84th, Starts 42nd, Minutes, last 365 days 62nd, European club minutes 66th52ndGoals87thAssists84thMinutes42ndStarts62ndRecent66thEurope

Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)

Assists per 90

Club assists per 90 minutes in the same window.

0.27 this player0.15 attacker median87th percentile

0.00peer deciles · median line · this player ●0.73

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€150k
Dec 2021
Peak
€35M
Dec 2025
Model target
€35M
May 2026
Valuations
14
1 club change
May 2026€35MInter MilanValuation the model is trained to reproduce

May 2026: €35M, Inter Milan. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2021-12-29€150kParma Calcio 1913
2022-03-15€400kParma Calcio 1913
2022-06-06€400kParma Calcio 1913
2022-12-22€750kParma Calcio 1913
2023-06-12€900kParma Calcio 1913
2023-10-11€3.5MParma Calcio 1913
2023-12-27€6MParma Calcio 1913
2024-06-03€8MParma Calcio 1913
2024-10-18€15MParma Calcio 1913
2024-12-18€20MParma Calcio 1913
2025-06-17€20MParma Calcio 1913
2025-10-07€23MInter Milan
2025-12-23€35MInter Milan
2026-05-29€35MInter Milan

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
non-UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.016

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Serie A507 players · median €5.5M

Valued above 94% of the 507 Serie A players.

€100k€750k€5M€30M€35MSee them in the Explorer →

Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M

Valued above 94% of the 1,583 attackers.

€20k€300k€5M€75M€35MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Bonny appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).