Marko
Ivezic
CBSerbia · Holstein Kiel
Player dossierBundesliga
MarkoIvezic
CBCentre-BackDefender
- Club
- Holstein Kiel
- League
- Bundesliga
- Nationality
- Serbia
- Age
- 24
- Height
- 191 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 16 Dec 2025
BundesligaReading the valuation
The market values Ivezic at €1.5M. Model A, which never saw Ivezic during training, estimates €2.1M: the market value is 30% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.42. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €1.3M, closer to the market here, although it is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07).
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 25
- Minutes
- 1,821
- Goals
- 0
- Assists
- 0
- Started
- 20/25
- Min / app
- 73
- Cards
- 5Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Ivezic…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €1.5M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders
Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)
Starts
Share of appearances started rather than entered from the bench.
80% this player83% defender median44th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €50k
- Jun 2021
- Peak
- €3M
- Jun 2024
- Model target
- €1.5M
- Dec 2025
- Valuations
- 10
- 1 club change
Dec 2025: €1.5M, Holstein Kiel. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2021-06-12 | €50k | FK Vozdovac |
| 2021-12-25 | €300k | FK Vozdovac |
| 2022-06-26 | €500k | FK Vozdovac |
| 2022-11-18 | €1M | FK Vozdovac |
| 2023-06-22 | €1.5M | FK Vozdovac |
| 2023-12-15 | €2M | Holstein Kiel |
| 2024-06-06 | €3M | Holstein Kiel |
| 2024-12-20 | €2.5M | Holstein Kiel |
| 2025-06-05 | €2M | Holstein Kiel |
| 2025-12-16 | €1.5M | Holstein Kiel |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.352
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Bundesliga451 players · median €5M
Valued above 12% of the 451 Bundesliga players.
See them in the Explorer →Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M
Valued above 43% of the 2,065 defenders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Ivezic appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- HofmannAMBayer 04 Leverkusen · Bundesliga€1.5M
- KüblerRBSC Freiburg · Bundesliga€1.5M
- GregoritschCFFC Augsburg · Bundesliga€1.5M
- MweneLB1.FSV Mainz 05 · Bundesliga€1.5M
- TraunerCBFeyenoord Rotterdam · defenders€1.5M
- WalkerRBBurnley FC · defenders€1.5M
- TrippierRBNewcastle United · defenders€1.5M
- MeunierRBLOSC Lille · defenders€1.5M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).