FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Robin

Hranac

CBCzech Republic · TSG 1899 Hoffenheim

№ 620217Elite €14.9M −0.40

Player dossierBundesliga

RobinHranac

CBCentre-BackDefender

Club
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim
League
Bundesliga
Nationality
Czech Republic
Age
26
Height
189 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
27 May 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Hranac at €10M. Model A, which never saw Hranac during training, estimates €14.9M: the market value is 33% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.49. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €6.1M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.40A €14.9M▲ +0.50B €6.1M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
39
Minutes
3,002
Goals
1
Assists
1
Started
34/39
Min / app
77
Cards
6Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Hranac…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €10M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €10MModel A €14.9M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

Robin Hranac's percentiles among defenders: Goals per 90 48th, Assists per 90 44th, Minutes, two years 53rd, Starts 62nd, Minutes, last 365 days 74th, European club minutes 75th48thGoals44thAssists53rdMinutes62ndStarts74thRecent75thEurope

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

European club minutes

Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.

12% this player0% defender median75th percentile

0%peer deciles · median line · this player ●85%

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€150k
Oct 2021
Peak
€10M
Mar 2026
Model target
€10M
May 2026
Valuations
17
3 club changes
May 2026€10MTSG 1899 HoffenheimValuation the model is trained to reproduce

May 2026: €10M, TSG 1899 Hoffenheim. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2021-10-12€150kTatran Liptovsky Mikulas
2021-12-26€175kTatran Liptovsky Mikulas
2022-06-22€225kFK Pardubice
2022-12-14€250kFK Pardubice
2023-06-20€350kFK Pardubice
2023-09-20€600kFC Viktoria Plzen
2023-12-20€1.7MFC Viktoria Plzen
2024-03-27€3.5MFC Viktoria Plzen
2024-06-05€5MFC Viktoria Plzen
2024-10-09€8MTSG 1899 Hoffenheim
2024-12-20€5.5MTSG 1899 Hoffenheim
2025-03-27€3.5MTSG 1899 Hoffenheim
2025-06-05€3.5MTSG 1899 Hoffenheim
2025-10-14€5MTSG 1899 Hoffenheim
2025-12-19€7MTSG 1899 Hoffenheim
2026-03-20€10MTSG 1899 Hoffenheim
2026-05-27€10MTSG 1899 Hoffenheim

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.397

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Bundesliga451 players · median €5M

Valued above 65% of the 451 Bundesliga players.

€300k€2M€15M€100M€10MSee them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 81% of the 2,065 defenders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€10MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Hranac appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).