Tomoya
Ando
CBJapan · FC St. Pauli
Player dossierBundesliga
TomoyaAndo
CBCentre-BackDefender
- Club
- FC St. Pauli
- League
- Bundesliga
- Nationality
- Japan
- Age
- 27
- Height
- 190 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 27 May 2026
BundesligaReading the valuation
The market values Ando at €3M. Model A, which never saw Ando during training, estimates €2.2M: the market value is 34% above that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.34. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €952k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 16
- Minutes
- 1,351
- Goals
- 0
- Assists
- 1
- Started
- 15/16
- Min / app
- 84
- Cards
- 4Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Ando…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €3M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders
Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)
Starts
Share of appearances started rather than entered from the bench.
94% this player83% defender median80th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €10k
- Jun 2021
- Peak
- €3M
- Mar 2026
- Model target
- €3M
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 12
- 3 club changes
May 2026: €3M, FC St. Pauli. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2021-06-28 | €10k | FC Imabari |
| 2022-01-12 | €75k | FC Imabari |
| 2022-06-28 | €125k | FC Imabari |
| 2023-01-06 | €250k | FC Imabari |
| 2023-06-27 | €300k | Oita Trinita |
| 2024-02-22 | €400k | Oita Trinita |
| 2024-06-12 | €450k | Oita Trinita |
| 2024-12-12 | €350k | Oita Trinita |
| 2025-05-29 | €800k | Avispa Fukuoka |
| 2025-12-15 | €1M | Avispa Fukuoka |
| 2026-03-20 | €3M | FC St. Pauli |
| 2026-05-27 | €3M | FC St. Pauli |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- non-UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- +0.290
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Bundesliga451 players · median €5M
Valued above 31% of the 451 Bundesliga players.
See them in the Explorer →Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M
Valued above 59% of the 2,065 defenders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Ando appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- GötzeAMEintracht Frankfurt · Bundesliga€3M
- ArnoldCMVfL Wolfsburg · Bundesliga€3M
- WeiserRBSV Werder Bremen · Bundesliga€3M
- CanCBBorussia Dortmund · Bundesliga€3M
- AlabaCBReal Madrid · defenders€3M
- VrijCBInter Milan · defenders€3M
- KeaneCBEverton FC · defenders€3M
- HatzidiakosCBFC Copenhagen · defenders€3M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).