FairValue

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  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
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David

Carmo

CBAngola · Real Oviedo

№ 498237Established €2.9M +0.55

Player dossierLaLiga

DavidCarmo

CBCentre-BackDefender

Club
Real Oviedo
League
LaLiga
Nationality
Angola
Age
26
Height
196 cm
Foot
Left
Valued
5 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Carmo at €5M. Model A, which never saw Carmo during training, estimates €2.9M: the market value is 73% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.73. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €3.6M, closer to the market here, although it is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07).

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.55A €2.9M▲ +0.33B €3.6M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
54
Minutes
4,131
Goals
2
Assists
0
Started
47/54
Min / app
77
Cards
13Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Carmo…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €5M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €5MModel A €2.9M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

David Carmo's percentiles among defenders: Goals per 90 59th, Assists per 90 17th, Minutes, two years 71st, Starts 61st, Minutes, last 365 days 54th, European club minutes 78th59thGoals17thAssists71stMinutes61stStarts54thRecent78thEurope

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

European club minutes

Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.

15% this player0% defender median78th percentile

0%peer deciles · median line · this player ●85%

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€1.3M
Feb 2019
Peak
€20M
Sept 2022
Model target
€5M
Jun 2026
Valuations
21
4 club changes
Jun 2026€5MReal OviedoValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €5M, Real Oviedo. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2019-02-12€1.3MSC Braga B
2019-06-29€750kSC Braga B
2020-02-11€1MSC Braga
2020-04-08€900kSC Braga
2020-08-17€6MSC Braga
2021-01-28€8.5MSC Braga
2021-05-21€10MSC Braga
2021-12-27€10MSC Braga
2022-05-31€15MSC Braga
2022-09-16€20MFC Porto
2022-11-01€20MFC Porto
2023-03-02€16MFC Porto
2023-06-16€14MFC Porto
2023-12-27€14MFC Porto
2024-03-06€12MOlympiacos Piraeus
2024-05-30€12MOlympiacos Piraeus
2024-12-18€12MOlympiacos Piraeus
2025-05-23€10MOlympiacos Piraeus
2025-12-12€10MReal Oviedo
2026-03-16€8MReal Oviedo
2026-06-05€5MReal Oviedo

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
non-UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.548

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

LaLiga509 players · median €4M

Valued above 57% of the 509 LaLiga players.

€100k€1M€10M€100M€5MSee them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 70% of the 2,065 defenders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€5MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Carmo appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).