Malik
Tillman
AMUnited States · Bayer 04 Leverkusen
Image: FootyLogos
Player dossierBundesliga
MalikTillman
AMAttacking MidfieldMidfield
- Club
- Bayer 04 Leverkusen
- League
- Bundesliga
- Nationality
- United States
- Age
- 24
- Height
- 187 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 27 May 2026
BundesligaReading the valuation
The market values Tillman at €30M. Model A, which never saw Tillman during training, estimates €29.6M: the market value is 1% above that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.01. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €22.6M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 76
- Minutes
- 4,938
- Goals
- 24
- Assists
- 6
- Started
- 53/76
- Min / app
- 65
- Cards
- 9Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Tillman…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €30M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders
Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)
Goals per 90
Club goals per 90 minutes played in the two years to the valuation date.
0.44 this player0.08 midfielder median99th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €500k
- Jul 2020
- Peak
- €35M
- Oct 2025
- Model target
- €30M
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 20
- 4 club changes
May 2026: €30M, Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-07-01 | €500k | FC Bayern Munich II |
| 2021-01-20 | €500k | FC Bayern Munich II |
| 2021-06-14 | €500k | FC Bayern Munich II |
| 2021-10-07 | €1M | Bayern Munich |
| 2021-12-22 | €1.5M | Bayern Munich |
| 2022-06-09 | €1.5M | Bayern Munich |
| 2022-12-13 | €2.8M | Rangers FC |
| 2023-03-22 | €4.5M | Rangers FC |
| 2023-06-26 | €5M | Rangers FC |
| 2023-10-17 | €8M | PSV Eindhoven |
| 2023-12-15 | €12M | PSV Eindhoven |
| 2024-03-18 | €17M | PSV Eindhoven |
| 2024-05-31 | €20M | PSV Eindhoven |
| 2024-10-14 | €25M | PSV Eindhoven |
| 2024-12-17 | €30M | PSV Eindhoven |
| 2025-05-28 | €32M | PSV Eindhoven |
| 2025-10-14 | €35M | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 2025-12-19 | €35M | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 2026-03-20 | €30M | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
| 2026-05-27 | €30M | Bayer 04 Leverkusen |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- non-UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- +0.013
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Bundesliga451 players · median €5M
Valued above 90% of the 451 Bundesliga players.
See them in the Explorer →Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M
Valued above 93% of the 1,687 midfielders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Tillman appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- BurkardtCFEintracht Frankfurt · Bundesliga€30M
- AvdullahuDMTSG 1899 Hoffenheim · Bundesliga€30M
- RômuloCFRB Leipzig · Bundesliga€30M
- LaimerRBBayern Munich · Bundesliga€32M
- TielemansCMAston Villa · midfielders€30M
- McKennieCMJuventus FC · midfielders€30M
- RuizCMParis Saint-Germain · midfielders€30M
- AmpaduDMLeeds United · midfielders€30M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).