FairValue

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Portrait of Pau Torres

Pau

Torres

CBSpain · Aston Villa

№ 399776Elite €23.5M −0.16

Image: FootyLogos

Player dossierPremier League

PauTorres

CBCentre-BackDefender

Club
Aston Villa
League
Premier League
Nationality
Spain
Age
29
Height
192 cm
Foot
Left
Valued
3 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Torres at €20M. Model A, which never saw Torres during training, estimates €23.5M: the market value is 15% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.18. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €15.6M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.16A €23.5M▲ +0.25B €15.6M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
69
Minutes
5,668
Goals
0
Assists
3
Started
63/69
Min / app
82
Cards
4Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Torres…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €20M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €20MModel A €23.5M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

Pau Torres's percentiles among defenders: Goals per 90 18th, Assists per 90 55th, Minutes, two years 90th, Starts 73rd, Minutes, last 365 days 86th, European club minutes 94th18thGoals55thAssists90thMinutes73rdStarts86thRecent94thEurope

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

European club minutes

Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.

28% this player0% defender median94th percentile

0%peer deciles · median line · this player ●85%

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€100k
Aug 2016
Peak
€50M
Jan 2021
Model target
€20M
Jun 2026
Valuations
32
3 club changes
Jun 2026€20MAston VillaValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €20M, Aston Villa. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2016-08-22€100kVillarreal CF B
2016-10-27€300kVillarreal CF B
2017-02-02€300kVillarreal CF B
2017-06-05€300kVillarreal CF B
2018-01-01€500kVillarreal CF B
2018-06-30€500kVillarreal CF B
2018-10-17€1.5MMálaga CF
2019-02-19€2.5MMálaga CF
2019-06-29€4MMálaga CF
2019-09-10€6MVillarreal CF
2019-12-20€15MVillarreal CF
2020-03-05€20MVillarreal CF
2020-04-08€16MVillarreal CF
2020-07-23€30MVillarreal CF
2020-10-08€30MVillarreal CF
2020-11-23€40MVillarreal CF
2021-01-05€50MVillarreal CF
2021-05-31€50MVillarreal CF
2021-12-30€50MVillarreal CF
2022-06-03€50MVillarreal CF
2022-11-07€50MVillarreal CF
2023-03-23€45MVillarreal CF
2023-06-13€45MVillarreal CF
2023-12-19€45MAston Villa
2024-05-27€45MAston Villa
2024-12-16€45MAston Villa
2025-03-18€40MAston Villa
2025-05-30€32MAston Villa
2025-10-17€30MAston Villa
2025-12-09€25MAston Villa
2026-03-09€22MAston Villa
2026-06-03€20MAston Villa

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.163

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Premier League555 players · median €18M

Valued above 54% of the 555 Premier League players.

€150k€1M€7.5M€50M€20MSee them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 91% of the 2,065 defenders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€20MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Torres appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).