Artem
Kozak
RMUkraine · FC Oleksandriya
Player dossierPremier Liha
ArtemKozak
RMRight MidfieldMidfield
- Club
- FC Oleksandriya
- League
- Premier Liha
- Nationality
- Ukraine
- Age
- 27
- Height
- 180 cm
- Foot
- Left
- Valued
- 18 Dec 2025
Reading the valuation
The market values Kozak at €500k. Model A, which never saw Kozak during training, estimates €528k: the market value is 5% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.06. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €939k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 48
- Minutes
- 2,598
- Goals
- 3
- Assists
- 3
- Started
- 31/48
- Min / app
- 54
- Cards
- 4Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Kozak…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €500k
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders
Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)
European club minutes
Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.
3% this player0% midfielder median63rd percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €100k
- Mar 2019
- Peak
- €800k
- Jun 2024
- Model target
- €500k
- Dec 2025
- Valuations
- 15
- 4 club changes
Dec 2025: €500k, FC Oleksandriya. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2019-03-22 | €100k | Arsenal Kyiv |
| 2019-06-20 | €200k | Arsenal Kyiv |
| 2020-01-08 | €100k | Karpaty Lviv |
| 2020-10-05 | €75k | Chornomorets Odesa |
| 2020-12-05 | €50k | Chornomorets Odesa |
| 2021-06-17 | €100k | Chornomorets Odesa |
| 2021-12-06 | €200k | Polissya Zhytomyr |
| 2022-05-18 | €200k | Polissya Zhytomyr |
| 2022-12-06 | €250k | Polissya Zhytomyr |
| 2023-06-21 | €350k | Polissya Zhytomyr |
| 2023-12-11 | €600k | Polissya Zhytomyr |
| 2024-06-06 | €800k | Polissya Zhytomyr |
| 2024-12-17 | €600k | FC Oleksandriya |
| 2025-06-10 | €700k | FC Oleksandriya |
| 2025-12-18 | €500k | FC Oleksandriya |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.055
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Premier Liha414 players · median €400k
Valued above 52% of the 414 Premier Liha players.
See them in the Explorer →Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M
Valued above 16% of the 1,687 midfielders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Kozak appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- StepanenkoDMKolos Kovalivka · Premier Liha€500k
- ChachuaAMKarpaty Lviv · Premier Liha€500k
- TopalovLWShakhtar Donetsk · Premier Liha€500k
- PutryaRBLNZ Cherkasy · Premier Liha€500k
- MilnerCMBrighton & Hove Albion · midfielders€500k
- MoutinhoCMSC Braga · midfielders€500k
- HöflerDMSC Freiburg · midfielders€500k
- DelaneyCMFC Copenhagen · midfielders€500k
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).