FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Portrait of Nico Schlotterbeck

Nico

Schlotterbeck

CBGermany · Borussia Dortmund

№ 388198World Class €27.2M +0.71

Image: FootyLogos

Player dossierBundesliga

NicoSchlotterbeck

CBCentre-BackDefender

Club
Borussia Dortmund
League
Bundesliga
Nationality
Germany
Age
26
Height
191 cm
Foot
Left
Valued
27 May 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Schlotterbeck at €55M. Model A, which never saw Schlotterbeck during training, estimates €27.2M: the market value is 102% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×2.02. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €21.5M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.71A €27.2M▲ +0.94B €21.5M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
75
Minutes
6,654
Goals
5
Assists
8
Started
74/75
Min / app
89
Cards
18Y 1R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Schlotterbeck…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €55M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €55MModel A €27.2M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

Nico Schlotterbeck's percentiles among defenders: Goals per 90 74th, Assists per 90 80th, Minutes, two years 96th, Starts 94th, Minutes, last 365 days 94th, European club minutes 91st74thGoals80thAssists96thMinutes94thStarts94thRecent91stEurope

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

Minutes, two years

Total club minutes in the two-year window: how much the player was used.

6,654 this player2,860 defender median96th percentile

451peer deciles · median line · this player ●9,111

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€75k
Aug 2018
Peak
€55M
Dec 2025
Model target
€55M
May 2026
Valuations
22
4 club changes
May 2026€55MBorussia DortmundValuation the model is trained to reproduce

May 2026: €55M, Borussia Dortmund. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2018-08-06€75kSC Freiburg II
2019-02-11€75kSC Freiburg II
2019-06-05€300kSC Freiburg II
2019-10-02€2.5MSC Freiburg
2019-12-17€4.5MSC Freiburg
2020-04-08€4MSC Freiburg
2021-02-10€4M1.FC Union Berlin
2021-06-09€7.5M1.FC Union Berlin
2021-10-07€13MSC Freiburg
2021-12-22€20MSC Freiburg
2022-03-24€28MSC Freiburg
2022-06-09€33MSC Freiburg
2022-11-09€33MBorussia Dortmund
2023-03-29€40MBorussia Dortmund
2023-06-22€40MBorussia Dortmund
2023-12-14€35MBorussia Dortmund
2024-03-27€30MBorussia Dortmund
2024-05-29€40MBorussia Dortmund
2024-12-20€40MBorussia Dortmund
2025-06-05€40MBorussia Dortmund
2025-12-19€55MBorussia Dortmund
2026-05-27€55MBorussia Dortmund

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.705

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Bundesliga451 players · median €5M

10th highest observed value among 451 Bundesliga players.

€300k€2M€15M€100M€55MSee them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 99% of the 2,065 defenders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€55MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Schlotterbeck appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).