Nicolas
Pépé
RWCote d'Ivoire · Villarreal CF
Image: FootyLogos
Player dossierLaLiga
NicolasPépé
RWRight WingerAttack
- Club
- Villarreal CF
- League
- LaLiga
- Nationality
- Cote d'Ivoire
- Age
- 31
- Height
- 183 cm
- Foot
- Left
- Valued
- 5 Jun 2026
LaLigaReading the valuation
The market values Pépé at €6M. Model A, which never saw Pépé during training, estimates €9.2M: the market value is 34% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.53. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €6.5M, closer to the market here, although it is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07).
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 74
- Minutes
- 4,679
- Goals
- 11
- Assists
- 17
- Started
- 51/74
- Min / app
- 63
- Cards
- 7Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Pépé…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €6M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers
Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)
Minutes, last 365 days
Club minutes in the final year of the window: recent involvement, or the absence of it.
3,183 this player1,301 attacker median97th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €300k
- Jul 2016
- Peak
- €75M
- Sept 2019
- Model target
- €6M
- Jun 2026
- Valuations
- 33
- 5 club changes
Jun 2026: €6M, Villarreal CF. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2016-07-13 | €300k | Angers SCO |
| 2017-01-16 | €750k | Angers SCO |
| 2017-06-01 | €3M | Angers SCO |
| 2017-10-12 | €6M | LOSC Lille |
| 2018-01-24 | €8M | LOSC Lille |
| 2018-03-20 | €10M | LOSC Lille |
| 2018-06-04 | €10M | LOSC Lille |
| 2018-09-06 | €16M | LOSC Lille |
| 2018-10-24 | €25M | LOSC Lille |
| 2018-12-17 | €40M | LOSC Lille |
| 2019-06-03 | €65M | LOSC Lille |
| 2019-09-12 | €75M | Arsenal FC |
| 2019-12-10 | €65M | Arsenal FC |
| 2020-04-08 | €52M | Arsenal FC |
| 2020-07-30 | €45M | Arsenal FC |
| 2020-10-13 | €40M | Arsenal FC |
| 2021-03-18 | €38M | Arsenal FC |
| 2021-06-08 | €35M | Arsenal FC |
| 2021-12-23 | €30M | Arsenal FC |
| 2022-06-15 | €25M | Arsenal FC |
| 2022-11-02 | €22M | OGC Nice |
| 2023-06-27 | €18M | OGC Nice |
| 2023-09-27 | €14M | Trabzonspor |
| 2023-12-21 | €11M | Trabzonspor |
| 2024-03-15 | €10M | Trabzonspor |
| 2024-05-31 | €8.5M | Trabzonspor |
| 2024-10-11 | €9M | Villarreal CF |
| 2024-12-27 | €7.5M | Villarreal CF |
| 2025-03-21 | €6M | Villarreal CF |
| 2025-06-09 | €6M | Villarreal CF |
| 2025-10-02 | €7.5M | Villarreal CF |
| 2025-12-12 | €6M | Villarreal CF |
| 2026-06-05 | €6M | Villarreal CF |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- non-UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.422
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M
Valued above 68% of the 1,583 attackers.
See them in the Explorer →Where Pépé appears
- TerminalLaLiga in the Player Explorer
- TerminalLaLiga on the League Landscape
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- RüdigerCBReal Madrid · LaLiga€6M
- GuedesLWReal Sociedad · LaLiga€6M
- FidalgoCMReal Betis Balompié · LaLiga€6M
- BatallaGKRayo Vallecano · LaLiga€6M
- LukakuCFSSC Napoli · attackers€6M
- MorataCFComo 1907 · attackers€6M
- AkpomCFIpswich Town · attackers€6M
- TraoréRWWest Ham United · attackers€6M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).