FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Portrait of Kristoffer Ajer

Kristoffer

Ajer

CBNorway · Brentford FC

№ 328658Elite €17.6M +0.02

Image: FootyLogos

Player dossierPremier League

KristofferAjer

CBCentre-BackDefender

Club
Brentford FC
League
Premier League
Nationality
Norway
Age
28
Height
198 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
3 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Ajer at €18M. Model A, which never saw Ajer during training, estimates €17.6M: the market value is 2% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.02. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €2.8M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.02A €17.6M▲ +1.87B €2.8M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
55
Minutes
3,581
Goals
0
Assists
2
Started
41/55
Min / app
65
Cards
9Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Ajer…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €18M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €18MModel A €17.6M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

Kristoffer Ajer's percentiles among defenders: Goals per 90 18th, Assists per 90 57th, Minutes, two years 63rd, Starts 34th, Minutes, last 365 days 66th, European club minutes 30th18thGoals57thAssists63rdMinutes34thStarts66thRecent30thEurope

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

Minutes, last 365 days

Club minutes in the final year of the window: recent involvement, or the absence of it.

2,138 this player1,687 defender median66th percentile

0peer deciles · median line · this player ●4,941

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€300k
Dec 2014
Peak
€18M
Jun 2022
Model target
€18M
Jun 2026
Valuations
27
3 club changes
Jun 2026€18MBrentford FCValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €18M, Brentford FC. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2014-12-07€300kIK Start
2015-08-19€800kIK Start
2015-12-27€800kIK Start
2017-02-14€800kKilmarnock FC
2018-03-04€800kCeltic FC
2018-08-08€1.3MCeltic FC
2019-01-03€2MCeltic FC
2019-08-20€3MCeltic FC
2020-02-05€3MCeltic FC
2020-04-08€2.7MCeltic FC
2020-07-21€4MCeltic FC
2021-01-18€4MCeltic FC
2021-06-28€7MCeltic FC
2021-10-05€17MBrentford FC
2021-12-23€17MBrentford FC
2022-06-15€18MBrentford FC
2022-11-03€16MBrentford FC
2023-06-20€16MBrentford FC
2023-12-19€18MBrentford FC
2024-03-14€15MBrentford FC
2024-05-27€15MBrentford FC
2024-12-16€18MBrentford FC
2025-05-30€18MBrentford FC
2025-10-17€16MBrentford FC
2025-12-09€16MBrentford FC
2026-03-09€18MBrentford FC
2026-06-03€18MBrentford FC

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.022

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Premier League555 players · median €18M

Valued above 50% of the 555 Premier League players.

€150k€1M€7.5M€50M€18MSee them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 89% of the 2,065 defenders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€18MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Ajer appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).