Raffael
Behounek
CBAustria · Willem II Tilburg
Player dossierEredivisie
RaffaelBehounek
CBCentre-BackDefender
- Club
- Willem II Tilburg
- League
- Eredivisie
- Nationality
- Austria
- Age
- 28
- Height
- 187 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 16 Dec 2025
EredivisieReading the valuation
The market values Behounek at €650k. Model A, which never saw Behounek during training, estimates €408k: the market value is 59% above that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.59. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €1.1M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 33
- Minutes
- 2,990
- Goals
- 3
- Assists
- 1
- Started
- 33/33
- Min / app
- 91
- Cards
- 6Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Behounek…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €650k
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders
Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)
Starts
Share of appearances started rather than entered from the bench.
100% this player83% defender median97th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €75k
- Jan 2019
- Peak
- €950k
- Dec 2024
- Model target
- €650k
- Dec 2025
- Valuations
- 18
- 4 club changes
Dec 2025: €650k, Willem II Tilburg. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2019-01-26 | €75k | SV Horn |
| 2019-06-01 | €125k | SV Horn |
| 2019-09-03 | €200k | SV Mattersburg |
| 2019-12-16 | €200k | SV Mattersburg |
| 2020-07-31 | €200k | FC Wacker Innsbruck |
| 2020-12-21 | €400k | WSG Tirol |
| 2021-06-02 | €600k | WSG Tirol |
| 2021-12-16 | €600k | WSG Tirol |
| 2022-05-27 | €600k | WSG Tirol |
| 2022-11-10 | €600k | WSG Tirol |
| 2023-06-12 | €500k | WSG Tirol |
| 2024-01-08 | €600k | Willem II Tilburg |
| 2024-06-10 | €700k | Willem II Tilburg |
| 2024-10-14 | €850k | Willem II Tilburg |
| 2024-12-17 | €950k | Willem II Tilburg |
| 2025-05-28 | €800k | Willem II Tilburg |
| 2025-10-16 | €700k | Willem II Tilburg |
| 2025-12-16 | €650k | Willem II Tilburg |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- +0.466
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Eredivisie425 players · median €1M
Valued above 32% of the 425 Eredivisie players.
See them in the Explorer →Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M
Valued above 25% of the 2,065 defenders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Behounek appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- ThomasDMPEC Zwolle · Eredivisie€650k
- Ould-ChikhRWFC Volendam · Eredivisie€650k
- MonteiroCMPEC Zwolle · Eredivisie€650k
- KachatiCFNEC Nijmegen · Eredivisie€650k
- VelkovCBVejle Boldklub · defenders€650k
- LissensCBRanders FC · defenders€650k
- CappelleLBZulte Waregem · defenders€650k
- DekkerCBAZ Alkmaar · defenders€650k
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).