FairValue

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  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
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Josh

Cullen

CMIreland · Burnley FC

№ 242606Established €3.9M +0.02

Player dossierPremier League

JoshCullen

CMCentral MidfieldMidfield

Club
Burnley FC
League
Premier League
Nationality
Ireland
Age
30
Height
175 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
3 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Cullen at €4M. Model A, which never saw Cullen during training, estimates €3.9M: the market value is 2% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.02. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €624k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.02A €3.9M▲ +1.86B €624k
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
18
Minutes
1,520
Goals
2
Assists
2
Started
18/18
Min / app
84
Cards
2Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Cullen…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €4M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €4MModel A €3.9M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders

Josh Cullen's percentiles among midfielders: Goals per 90 62nd, Assists per 90 59th, Minutes, two years 25th, Starts 99th, Minutes, last 365 days 50th, European club minutes 30th62ndGoals59thAssists25thMinutes99thStarts50thRecent30thEurope

Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)

Starts

Share of appearances started rather than entered from the bench.

100% this player69% midfielder median99th percentile

7%peer deciles · median line · this player ●100%

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€250k
Aug 2016
Peak
€13M
Jun 2023
Model target
€4M
Jun 2026
Valuations
23
5 club changes
Jun 2026€4MBurnley FCValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €4M, Burnley FC. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2016-08-01€250kWest Ham United
2017-04-21€250kBradford City
2017-06-28€500kWest Ham United
2018-05-28€1MWest Ham United
2019-06-13€1MWest Ham United
2020-02-27€1.5MCharlton Athletic
2020-04-08€1.2MCharlton Athletic
2020-10-16€1.5MRSC Anderlecht
2021-03-17€2.6MRSC Anderlecht
2021-06-07€3MRSC Anderlecht
2022-01-06€3.5MRSC Anderlecht
2022-04-12€5MRSC Anderlecht
2022-10-27€7MBurnley FC
2023-03-24€10MBurnley FC
2023-06-01€13MBurnley FC
2023-12-19€13MBurnley FC
2024-05-27€10MBurnley FC
2024-09-24€8MBurnley FC
2024-12-30€6.5MBurnley FC
2025-05-27€6.5MBurnley FC
2025-12-09€7MBurnley FC
2026-03-09€6MBurnley FC
2026-06-03€4MBurnley FC

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.023

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Premier League555 players · median €18M

Valued above 16% of the 555 Premier League players.

€150k€1M€7.5M€50M€4MSee them in the Explorer →

Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M

Valued above 61% of the 1,687 midfielders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€4MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Cullen appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).