FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Portrait of Elseid Hysaj

Elseid

Hysaj

RBAlbania · SS Lazio

№ 200056Emerging €860k +0.33

Close-up

Image: FootyLogos

Player dossierSerie A

ElseidHysaj

RBRight-BackDefender

Club
SS Lazio
League
Serie A
Nationality
Albania
Age
32
Height
182 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
29 May 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Hysaj at €1.2M. Model A, which never saw Hysaj during training, estimates €860k: the market value is 39% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.39. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €582k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.33A €860k▲ +0.72B €582k
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
19
Minutes
753
Goals
0
Assists
3
Started
7/19
Min / app
40
Cards
3Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Hysaj…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €1.2M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €1.2MModel A €860k

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

Elseid Hysaj's percentiles among defenders: Goals per 90 18th, Assists per 90 100th, Minutes, two years 6th, Starts 2nd, Minutes, last 365 days 5th, European club minutes 71st18thGoals100thAssists6thMinutes2ndStarts5thRecent71stEurope

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

Assists per 90

Club assists per 90 minutes in the same window.

0.36 this player0.04 defender median100th percentile

0.00peer deciles · median line · this player ●0.58

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€50k
Nov 2011
Peak
€25M
Jun 2018
Model target
€1.2M
May 2026
Valuations
36
3 club changes
May 2026€1.2MSS LazioValuation the model is trained to reproduce

May 2026: €1.2M, SS Lazio. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2011-11-01€50kEmpoli Primavera
2012-03-03€100kEmpoli Primavera
2012-12-25€900kFC Empoli
2013-06-25€2.5MFC Empoli
2014-01-29€2.5MFC Empoli
2014-07-15€2.5MFC Empoli
2015-01-07€3.8MFC Empoli
2015-07-01€4.5MFC Empoli
2015-11-05€7.5MSSC Napoli
2016-01-04€9MSSC Napoli
2016-06-01€12MSSC Napoli
2016-07-15€13MSSC Napoli
2017-01-02€14MSSC Napoli
2017-06-08€18MSSC Napoli
2017-12-29€20MSSC Napoli
2018-06-07€25MSSC Napoli
2018-12-20€23MSSC Napoli
2019-06-06€23MSSC Napoli
2019-10-08€18MSSC Napoli
2019-12-12€16MSSC Napoli
2020-04-08€13MSSC Napoli
2020-08-25€14MSSC Napoli
2020-12-29€14MSSC Napoli
2021-06-03€13MSSC Napoli
2021-12-28€10MSS Lazio
2022-03-15€7MSS Lazio
2022-06-07€5MSS Lazio
2022-11-11€4MSS Lazio
2023-06-15€5MSS Lazio
2023-12-20€4MSS Lazio
2024-03-12€3MSS Lazio
2024-06-05€2.5MSS Lazio
2024-12-18€2MSS Lazio
2025-06-17€1.5MSS Lazio
2025-12-23€1.5MSS Lazio
2026-05-29€1.2MSS Lazio

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.333

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Serie A507 players · median €5.5M

Valued above 11% of the 507 Serie A players.

€100k€750k€5M€30M€1.2MSee them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 39% of the 2,065 defenders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€1.2MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Hysaj appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).