FairValue

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  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
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Vadim

Rakov

RWRussia · Lokomotiv Moscow

№ 745284Established €1.6M +0.65

Player dossierPremier Liga

VadimRakov

RWRight WingerAttack

Club
Lokomotiv Moscow
League
Premier Liga
Nationality
Russia
Age
21
Height
178 cm
Foot
Both
Valued
26 May 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Rakov at €3M. Model A, which never saw Rakov during training, estimates €1.6M: the market value is 92% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.92. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €2.5M, closer to the market here, although it is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07).

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.65A €1.6M▲ +0.18B €2.5M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
39
Minutes
1,662
Goals
8
Assists
8
Started
12/39
Min / app
43
Cards
5Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Rakov…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €3M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €3MModel A €1.6M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers

Vadim Rakov's percentiles among attackers: Goals per 90 81st, Assists per 90 98th, Minutes, two years 36th, Starts 11th, Minutes, last 365 days 21st, European club minutes 28th81stGoals98thAssists36thMinutes11thStarts21stRecent28thEurope

Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)

Assists per 90

Club assists per 90 minutes in the same window.

0.43 this player0.15 attacker median98th percentile

0.00peer deciles · median line · this player ●0.73

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€100k
Sept 2022
Peak
€3M
Sept 2025
Model target
€3M
May 2026
Valuations
11
3 club changes
May 2026€3MLokomotiv MoscowValuation the model is trained to reproduce

May 2026: €3M, Lokomotiv Moscow. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2022-09-12€100kLokomotiv Moscow II
2022-11-21€300kLokomotiv Moscow II
2023-06-14€500kLokomotiv Moscow II
2023-12-13€500kLokomotiv Moscow
2024-06-04€500kLokomotiv Moscow
2024-09-18€800kLokomotiv Moscow
2024-12-12€800kLokomotiv Moscow
2025-06-04€1.2MLokomotiv Moscow
2025-09-18€3MKrylya Sovetov Samara
2025-12-16€3MKrylya Sovetov Samara
2026-05-26€3MLokomotiv Moscow

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.653

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Premier Liga412 players · median €1M

Valued above 77% of the 412 Premier Liga players.

€50k€300k€2M€15M€3MSee them in the Explorer →

Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M

Valued above 52% of the 1,583 attackers.

€20k€300k€5M€75M€3MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Rakov appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).