FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Sergio

Carreira

RBSpain · Celta de Vigo

№ 545647Elite €11M +0.09

Player dossierLaLiga

SergioCarreira

RBRight-BackDefender

Club
Celta de Vigo
League
LaLiga
Nationality
Spain
Age
25
Height
170 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
5 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Carreira at €12M. Model A, which never saw Carreira during training, estimates €11M: the market value is 9% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.09. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €10.3M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.09A €11M▲ +0.15B €10.3M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
72
Minutes
5,372
Goals
2
Assists
5
Started
57/72
Min / app
75
Cards
3Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Carreira…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €12M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €12MModel A €11M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

Sergio Carreira's percentiles among defenders: Goals per 90 52nd, Assists per 90 72nd, Minutes, two years 88th, Starts 43rd, Minutes, last 365 days 96th, European club minutes 76th52ndGoals72ndAssists88thMinutes43rdStarts96thRecent76thEurope

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

Minutes, last 365 days

Club minutes in the final year of the window: recent involvement, or the absence of it.

3,514 this player1,687 defender median96th percentile

0peer deciles · median line · this player ●4,941

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€50k
Sept 2019
Peak
€12M
Jun 2026
Model target
€12M
Jun 2026
Valuations
18
4 club changes
Jun 2026€12MCelta de VigoValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €12M, Celta de Vigo. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2019-09-10€50kCelta Vigo B
2020-02-11€150kCelta Vigo B
2020-10-08€150kCelta Vigo B
2020-12-08€800kCelta Vigo B
2021-01-07€800kCelta Vigo B
2021-06-30€1MCelta Vigo B
2021-12-27€1.2MCD Mirandés
2022-06-29€1.5MCD Mirandés
2022-12-29€1.5MVillarreal CF B
2023-06-14€1.5MVillarreal CF B
2023-12-20€1.2MElche CF
2024-06-24€1.2MElche CF
2024-12-27€1.2MCelta de Vigo
2025-03-21€3MCelta de Vigo
2025-06-09€4MCelta de Vigo
2025-12-12€6MCelta de Vigo
2026-03-16€8MCelta de Vigo
2026-06-05€12MCelta de Vigo

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.090

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

LaLiga509 players · median €4M

Valued above 77% of the 509 LaLiga players.

€100k€1M€10M€100M€12MSee them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 84% of the 2,065 defenders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€12MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Carreira appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).