FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Nordin

Bakker

GKNetherlands · SC Heerenveen

№ 534015Emerging €801k −0.83

Player dossierEredivisie

NordinBakker

GKGoalkeeperGoalkeeper

Club
SC Heerenveen
League
Eredivisie
Nationality
Netherlands
Age
28
Height
196 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
28 May 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Bakker at €350k. Model A, which never saw Bakker during training, estimates €801k: the market value is 56% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×2.29. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €1.6M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.83A €801k▼ −1.54B €1.6M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
37
Minutes
3,321
Started
37/37
Min / app
90
Cards
0Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Bakker…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €350k

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €350kModel A €801k

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 485 goalkeepers

Nordin Bakker's percentiles among goalkeepers: Minutes, two years 61st, Starts 62nd, Minutes, last 365 days 8th, European club minutes 32nd61stMinutes62ndStarts8thRecent32ndEurope

Dashed ring: the goalkeeper median (50th percentile)

Starts

Share of appearances started rather than entered from the bench.

100% this player100% goalkeeper median62nd percentile

70%peer deciles · median line · this player ●100%

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€25k
Jan 2019
Peak
€800k
Mar 2024
Model target
€350k
May 2026
Valuations
20
3 club changes
May 2026€350kSC HeerenveenValuation the model is trained to reproduce

May 2026: €350k, SC Heerenveen. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2019-01-21€25kFC Volendam
2019-07-03€50kFC Volendam
2020-01-17€200kFC Volendam
2020-06-29€300kFC Volendam
2020-10-24€325kFC Volendam
2020-12-31€325kFC Volendam
2021-10-14€350kBeroe
2021-12-08€325kBeroe
2022-06-23€325kAlmere City FC
2023-04-03€425kAlmere City FC
2023-07-04€500kAlmere City FC
2023-10-17€650kAlmere City FC
2023-12-15€700kAlmere City FC
2024-03-18€800kAlmere City FC
2024-05-31€800kAlmere City FC
2024-12-17€700kAlmere City FC
2025-05-28€700kAlmere City FC
2025-10-02€500kSC Heerenveen
2025-12-02€400kSC Heerenveen
2026-05-28€350kSC Heerenveen

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.827

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Eredivisie425 players · median €1M

Valued above 14% of the 425 Eredivisie players.

€75k€500k€3M€20M€350kSee them in the Explorer →

Goalkeepers, all leagues485 players · median €1M

Valued above 20% of the 485 goalkeepers.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€350kSee them in the Explorer →

Where Bakker appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).