FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Portrait of Jonathan David

Jonathan

David

CFCanada · Juventus FC

№ 533738World Class €38M −0.24

Photo: Bryan Berlin / WikiPortraits, CC BY-SA 4.0 (background removed)

Player dossierSerie A

JonathanDavid

CFCentre-ForwardAttack

Club
Juventus FC
League
Serie A
Nationality
Canada
Age
26
Height
178 cm
Foot
Both
Valued
29 May 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values David at €30M. Model A, which never saw David during training, estimates €38M: the market value is 21% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.27. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €29.1M, closer to the market here, although it is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07).

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.24A €38M▲ +0.03B €29.1M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
92
Minutes
6,000
Goals
33
Assists
14
Started
67/92
Min / app
65
Cards
6Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for David…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €30M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €30MModel A €38M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers

Jonathan David's percentiles among attackers: Goals per 90 87th, Assists per 90 73rd, Minutes, two years 97th, Starts 73rd, Minutes, last 365 days 82nd, European club minutes 90th87thGoals73rdAssists97thMinutes73rdStarts82ndRecent90thEurope

Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)

Minutes, two years

Total club minutes in the two-year window: how much the player was used.

6,000 this player2,242 attacker median97th percentile

450peer deciles · median line · this player ●8,788

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€100k
Jun 2018
Peak
€60M
Mar 2023
Model target
€30M
May 2026
Valuations
24
3 club changes
May 2026€30MJuventus FCValuation the model is trained to reproduce

May 2026: €30M, Juventus FC. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2018-06-07€100kKAA Gent U21
2018-09-11€2MKAA Gent
2018-12-27€2MKAA Gent
2019-03-04€5MKAA Gent
2019-06-10€9MKAA Gent
2019-09-13€15MKAA Gent
2019-12-13€20MKAA Gent
2020-03-30€25MKAA Gent
2020-04-08€22.5MKAA Gent
2020-08-06€25MKAA Gent
2020-10-15€30MLOSC Lille
2021-06-04€35MLOSC Lille
2021-12-16€50MLOSC Lille
2022-05-30€45MLOSC Lille
2022-11-02€45MLOSC Lille
2023-03-27€60MLOSC Lille
2023-06-27€60MLOSC Lille
2023-12-18€50MLOSC Lille
2024-06-03€50MLOSC Lille
2024-10-07€45MLOSC Lille
2024-12-10€45MLOSC Lille
2025-06-03€45MLOSC Lille
2025-12-23€35MJuventus FC
2026-05-29€30MJuventus FC

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
non-UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.236

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Serie A507 players · median €5.5M

Valued above 91% of the 507 Serie A players.

€100k€750k€5M€30M€30MSee them in the Explorer →

Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M

Valued above 92% of the 1,583 attackers.

€20k€300k€5M€75M€30MSee them in the Explorer →

Where David appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).