Koffi
Kouao
RBCote d'Ivoire · FC Metz
Player dossierLigue 1
KoffiKouao
RBRight-BackDefender
- Club
- FC Metz
- League
- Ligue 1
- Nationality
- Cote d'Ivoire
- Age
- 28
- Height
- 173 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 1 Jun 2026
Ligue 1Reading the valuation
The market values Kouao at €2.5M. Model A, which never saw Kouao during training, estimates €2.4M: the market value is 4% above that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.04. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €1.7M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 27
- Minutes
- 2,274
- Goals
- 2
- Assists
- 2
- Started
- 27/27
- Min / app
- 84
- Cards
- 10Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Kouao…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €2.5M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders
Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)
Starts
Share of appearances started rather than entered from the bench.
100% this player83% defender median97th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €75k
- Jun 2017
- Peak
- €2.5M
- Dec 2025
- Model target
- €2.5M
- Jun 2026
- Valuations
- 21
- 4 club changes
Jun 2026: €2.5M, FC Metz. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2017-06-30 | €75k | FC Vizela |
| 2017-11-06 | €300k | Moreirense FC |
| 2018-02-07 | €400k | Moreirense FC |
| 2018-06-13 | €300k | Moreirense FC |
| 2019-02-12 | €250k | FC Famalicão |
| 2020-11-02 | €250k | FC Vizela |
| 2021-06-29 | €425k | FC Vizela |
| 2021-12-27 | €800k | FC Vizela |
| 2022-03-10 | €1.5M | FC Vizela |
| 2022-05-31 | €1.5M | FC Vizela |
| 2022-10-28 | €1.2M | FC Metz |
| 2023-04-06 | €1.5M | FC Metz |
| 2023-06-16 | €2M | FC Metz |
| 2023-12-18 | €2M | FC Metz |
| 2024-03-19 | €1.5M | FC Metz |
| 2024-06-03 | €1.5M | FC Metz |
| 2024-12-04 | €1.5M | FC Metz |
| 2025-03-12 | €1.8M | FC Metz |
| 2025-06-02 | €2M | FC Metz |
| 2025-12-15 | €2.5M | FC Metz |
| 2026-06-01 | €2.5M | FC Metz |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- non-UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- +0.042
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Ligue 1423 players · median €5M
Valued above 24% of the 423 Ligue 1 players.
See them in the Explorer →Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M
Valued above 54% of the 2,065 defenders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Kouao appears
- TerminalLigue 1 in the Player Explorer
- TerminalLigue 1 on the League Landscape
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- AubameyangCFOlympique Marseille · Ligue 1€2.5M
- GraditCBRC Lens · Ligue 1€2.5M
- MvogoGKFC Lorient · Ligue 1€2.5M
- TouréDMLe Havre AC · Ligue 1€2.5M
- MainkaCB1.FC Heidenheim 1846 · defenders€2.5M
- CoufalRBTSG 1899 Hoffenheim · defenders€2.5M
- StarkCBSV Werder Bremen · defenders€2.5M
- MataCBOlympique Lyon · defenders€2.5M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).