FairValue

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  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
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  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

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Portrait of Samuel Chukwueze

Samuel

Chukwueze

RWNigeria · Fulham FC

№ 401922Elite €21.7M −0.18

Close-up

Image: FootyLogos

Player dossierPremier League

SamuelChukwueze

RWRight WingerAttack

Club
Fulham FC
League
Premier League
Nationality
Nigeria
Age
27
Height
172 cm
Foot
Left
Valued
3 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Chukwueze at €18M. Model A, which never saw Chukwueze during training, estimates €21.7M: the market value is 17% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.20. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €5.3M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.18A €21.7M▲ +1.23B €5.3M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
62
Minutes
2,506
Goals
8
Assists
7
Started
22/62
Min / app
40
Cards
3Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Chukwueze…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €18M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €18MModel A €21.7M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers

Samuel Chukwueze's percentiles among attackers: Goals per 90 55th, Assists per 90 83rd, Minutes, two years 56th, Starts 16th, Minutes, last 365 days 47th, European club minutes 72nd55thGoals83rdAssists56thMinutes16thStarts47thRecent72ndEurope

Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)

Assists per 90

Club assists per 90 minutes in the same window.

0.25 this player0.15 attacker median83rd percentile

0.00peer deciles · median line · this player ●0.73

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€500k
Jun 2018
Peak
€30M
Jun 2019
Model target
€18M
Jun 2026
Valuations
22
3 club changes
Jun 2026€18MFulham FCValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €18M, Fulham FC. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2018-06-30€500kVillarreal CF U19
2018-12-21€5MVillarreal CF
2019-02-28€10MVillarreal CF
2019-06-11€30MVillarreal CF
2019-12-20€30MVillarreal CF
2020-04-08€27MVillarreal CF
2020-10-08€25MVillarreal CF
2021-01-05€20MVillarreal CF
2021-06-10€20MVillarreal CF
2021-12-30€20MVillarreal CF
2022-06-03€20MVillarreal CF
2022-11-07€20MVillarreal CF
2023-06-13€25MVillarreal CF
2023-12-20€23MAC Milan
2024-03-12€20MAC Milan
2024-06-05€20MAC Milan
2024-12-18€18MAC Milan
2025-03-25€14MAC Milan
2025-06-17€10MAC Milan
2025-12-09€10MFulham FC
2026-03-09€15MFulham FC
2026-06-03€18MFulham FC

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
non-UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.185

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Premier League555 players · median €18M

Valued above 50% of the 555 Premier League players.

€150k€1M€7.5M€50M€18MSee them in the Explorer →

Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M

Valued above 85% of the 1,583 attackers.

€20k€300k€5M€75M€18MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Chukwueze appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).