FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Portrait of Boubacar Kamara

Boubacar

Kamara

DMFrance · Aston Villa

№ 394327World Class €27.5M +0.38

Image: FootyLogos

Player dossierPremier League

BoubacarKamara

DMDefensive MidfieldMidfield

Club
Aston Villa
League
Premier League
Nationality
France
Age
26
Height
184 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
3 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Kamara at €40M. Model A, which never saw Kamara during training, estimates €27.5M: the market value is 46% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.46. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €8.1M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.38A €27.5M▲ +1.60B €8.1M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
66
Minutes
4,459
Goals
2
Assists
4
Started
52/66
Min / app
68
Cards
10Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Kamara…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €40M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €40MModel A €27.5M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders

Boubacar Kamara's percentiles among midfielders: Goals per 90 29th, Assists per 90 44th, Minutes, two years 81st, Starts 68th, Minutes, last 365 days 55th, European club minutes 87th29thGoals44thAssists81stMinutes68thStarts55thRecent87thEurope

Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)

European club minutes

Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.

22% this player0% midfielder median87th percentile

0%peer deciles · median line · this player ●85%

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€600k
Oct 2017
Peak
€40M
May 2025
Model target
€40M
Jun 2026
Valuations
24
1 club change
Jun 2026€40MAston VillaValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €40M, Aston Villa. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2017-10-12€600kOlympique Marseille
2018-01-24€3.5MOlympique Marseille
2018-06-04€3.5MOlympique Marseille
2018-10-24€10MOlympique Marseille
2018-12-17€10MOlympique Marseille
2019-03-07€15MOlympique Marseille
2019-06-03€18MOlympique Marseille
2019-12-19€25MOlympique Marseille
2020-03-13€30MOlympique Marseille
2020-04-08€27MOlympique Marseille
2020-10-15€32MOlympique Marseille
2021-04-09€37MOlympique Marseille
2021-06-04€37MOlympique Marseille
2021-10-08€28MOlympique Marseille
2021-12-16€25MOlympique Marseille
2022-05-30€25MOlympique Marseille
2022-11-03€25MAston Villa
2023-06-20€30MAston Villa
2023-12-19€38MAston Villa
2024-05-27€38MAston Villa
2024-12-16€38MAston Villa
2025-05-30€40MAston Villa
2025-12-09€40MAston Villa
2026-06-03€40MAston Villa

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.375

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Premier League555 players · median €18M

Valued above 83% of the 555 Premier League players.

€150k€1M€7.5M€50M€40MSee them in the Explorer →

Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M

Valued above 96% of the 1,687 midfielders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€40MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Kamara appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).