FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Cédric

Zesiger

CBSwitzerland · FC Augsburg

№ 382478Established €6.2M −0.21

Player dossierBundesliga

CédricZesiger

CBCentre-BackDefender

Club
FC Augsburg
League
Bundesliga
Nationality
Switzerland
Age
27
Height
194 cm
Foot
Left
Valued
27 May 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Zesiger at €5M. Model A, which never saw Zesiger during training, estimates €6.2M: the market value is 19% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.24. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €2.2M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.21A €6.2M▲ +0.81B €2.2M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
52
Minutes
3,747
Goals
0
Assists
2
Started
42/52
Min / app
72
Cards
16Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Zesiger…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €5M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €5MModel A €6.2M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

Cédric Zesiger's percentiles among defenders: Goals per 90 18th, Assists per 90 55th, Minutes, two years 66th, Starts 46th, Minutes, last 365 days 58th, European club minutes 30th18thGoals55thAssists66thMinutes46thStarts58thRecent30thEurope

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

Minutes, two years

Total club minutes in the two-year window: how much the player was used.

3,747 this player2,860 defender median66th percentile

451peer deciles · median line · this player ●9,111

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€300k
Dec 2015
Peak
€7.5M
Oct 2023
Model target
€5M
May 2026
Valuations
33
4 club changes
May 2026€5MFC AugsburgValuation the model is trained to reproduce

May 2026: €5M, FC Augsburg. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2015-12-18€300kNeuchâtel Xamax FCS
2016-07-16€500kNeuchâtel Xamax FCS
2016-12-20€750kGrasshopper Club Zurich
2017-07-12€500kGrasshopper Club Zurich
2017-07-29€750kGrasshopper Club Zurich
2018-01-08€1MGrasshopper Club Zurich
2018-04-24€1MGrasshopper Club Zurich
2018-07-12€1.5MGrasshopper Club Zurich
2018-10-19€1MGrasshopper Club Zurich
2019-01-21€1MGrasshopper Club Zurich
2019-04-15€1MGrasshopper Club Zurich
2019-06-04€750kGrasshopper Club Zurich
2020-01-06€1MBSC Young Boys
2020-04-08€900kBSC Young Boys
2020-07-31€900kBSC Young Boys
2020-12-28€1.3MBSC Young Boys
2021-04-15€2MBSC Young Boys
2021-06-23€2MBSC Young Boys
2021-10-04€3MBSC Young Boys
2022-01-03€3MBSC Young Boys
2022-06-08€3.2MBSC Young Boys
2022-11-10€3MBSC Young Boys
2023-03-28€4MBSC Young Boys
2023-06-07€5.5MBSC Young Boys
2023-10-18€7.5MVfL Wolfsburg
2023-12-14€7.5MVfL Wolfsburg
2024-03-27€6MVfL Wolfsburg
2024-05-29€5MVfL Wolfsburg
2024-12-20€4MVfL Wolfsburg
2025-03-27€5.5MFC Augsburg
2025-06-05€7MFC Augsburg
2025-12-19€5MFC Augsburg
2026-05-27€5MFC Augsburg

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.214

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Bundesliga451 players · median €5M

Valued above 46% of the 451 Bundesliga players.

€300k€2M€15M€100M€5MSee them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 70% of the 2,065 defenders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€5MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Zesiger appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).