FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Niklas

Beste

RWGermany · SC Freiburg

№ 342967Elite €13.8M −0.32

Player dossierBundesliga

NiklasBeste

RWRight WingerAttack

Club
SC Freiburg
League
Bundesliga
Nationality
Germany
Age
27
Height
175 cm
Foot
Left
Valued
27 May 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Beste at €10M. Model A, which never saw Beste during training, estimates €13.8M: the market value is 27% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.38. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €16.5M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.32A €13.8M▼ −0.50B €16.5M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
79
Minutes
3,993
Goals
3
Assists
10
Started
43/79
Min / app
51
Cards
9Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Beste…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €10M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €10MModel A €13.8M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers

Niklas Beste's percentiles among attackers: Goals per 90 9th, Assists per 90 78th, Minutes, two years 81st, Starts 42nd, Minutes, last 365 days 96th, European club minutes 93rd9thGoals78thAssists81stMinutes42ndStarts96thRecent93rdEurope

Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)

Minutes, last 365 days

Club minutes in the final year of the window: recent involvement, or the absence of it.

3,113 this player1,301 attacker median96th percentile

0peer deciles · median line · this player ●4,703

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€500k
Jul 2018
Peak
€15M
Mar 2024
Model target
€10M
May 2026
Valuations
22
5 club changes
May 2026€10MSC FreiburgValuation the model is trained to reproduce

May 2026: €10M, SC Freiburg. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2018-07-15€500kSV Werder Bremen
2018-12-18€500kSV Werder Bremen
2019-06-05€500kSV Werder Bremen
2019-12-18€400kFC Emmen
2020-04-08€350kFC Emmen
2021-02-08€350kSSV Jahn Regensburg
2021-06-16€350kSSV Jahn Regensburg
2021-10-13€700kSSV Jahn Regensburg
2021-12-15€1.2MSSV Jahn Regensburg
2022-06-16€1.2MSSV Jahn Regensburg
2022-11-30€1.5M1.FC Heidenheim 1846
2023-03-31€2M1.FC Heidenheim 1846
2023-06-28€3M1.FC Heidenheim 1846
2023-10-18€7M1.FC Heidenheim 1846
2023-12-14€12M1.FC Heidenheim 1846
2024-03-27€15M1.FC Heidenheim 1846
2024-05-29€15M1.FC Heidenheim 1846
2024-12-19€14MSL Benfica
2025-03-27€10MSC Freiburg
2025-06-05€7MSC Freiburg
2025-12-19€7MSC Freiburg
2026-05-27€10MSC Freiburg

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.319

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Bundesliga451 players · median €5M

Valued above 65% of the 451 Bundesliga players.

€300k€2M€15M€100M€10MSee them in the Explorer →

Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M

Valued above 77% of the 1,583 attackers.

€20k€300k€5M€75M€10MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Beste appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).