FairValue

Checking model

Esc

  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
  • EnvironmentTerminalExplore, compare and track players; market, league and model views.
  • EnvironmentStoriesValuations, head-to-heads and research findings, told as stories.
  • TerminalPlayer ExplorerSearch, filter and sort the player export.
  • TerminalComparison StudioTwo to four players on one scale.
  • TerminalWatchlistsNamed collections, kept in this browser.
  • TerminalMarket LandscapeHow observed value is distributed, and where the model drifts.

↑ ↓ to move · Enter to open · Esc to closeLoading player index…

Álex

Berenguer

LWSpain · Athletic Bilbao

№ 338425Established €5.9M −0.38

Player dossierLaLiga

ÁlexBerenguer

LWLeft WingerAttack

Club
Athletic Bilbao
League
LaLiga
Nationality
Spain
Age
30
Height
175 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
5 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values Berenguer at €4M. Model A, which never saw Berenguer during training, estimates €5.9M: the market value is 32% below that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.47. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €12.9M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▼ −0.38A €5.9M▼ −1.17B €12.9M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
93
Minutes
6,165
Goals
8
Assists
14
Started
69/93
Min / app
66
Cards
12Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Berenguer…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €4M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €4MModel A €5.9M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers

Álex Berenguer's percentiles among attackers: Goals per 90 17th, Assists per 90 71st, Minutes, two years 97th, Starts 74th, Minutes, last 365 days 93rd, European club minutes 81st17thGoals71stAssists97thMinutes74thStarts93rdRecent81stEurope

Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)

Minutes, two years

Total club minutes in the two-year window: how much the player was used.

6,165 this player2,242 attacker median97th percentile

450peer deciles · median line · this player ●8,788

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€300k
Sept 2015
Peak
€15M
Mar 2021
Model target
€4M
Jun 2026
Valuations
27
2 club changes
Jun 2026€4MAthletic BilbaoValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €4M, Athletic Bilbao. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2015-09-26€300kCA Osasuna
2016-02-22€300kCA Osasuna
2016-07-15€500kCA Osasuna
2017-01-24€1MCA Osasuna
2017-06-05€6MCA Osasuna
2017-12-29€6MTorino FC
2018-06-07€5MTorino FC
2018-12-20€5MTorino FC
2019-06-06€6MTorino FC
2019-12-12€6MTorino FC
2020-04-08€4.8MTorino FC
2020-08-25€6MTorino FC
2020-10-08€10MAthletic Bilbao
2021-01-05€10MAthletic Bilbao
2021-03-19€15MAthletic Bilbao
2021-06-10€15MAthletic Bilbao
2021-12-30€12MAthletic Bilbao
2022-06-03€12MAthletic Bilbao
2022-09-23€15MAthletic Bilbao
2022-11-07€15MAthletic Bilbao
2023-06-13€15MAthletic Bilbao
2023-12-22€12MAthletic Bilbao
2024-06-07€12MAthletic Bilbao
2024-12-27€12MAthletic Bilbao
2025-06-09€9MAthletic Bilbao
2025-12-12€5MAthletic Bilbao
2026-06-05€4MAthletic Bilbao

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
−0.384

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

LaLiga509 players · median €4M

Valued above 50% of the 509 LaLiga players.

€100k€1M€10M€100M€4MSee them in the Explorer →

Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M

Valued above 59% of the 1,583 attackers.

€20k€300k€5M€75M€4MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Berenguer appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).