FairValue

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  • EnvironmentOverviewWhat FairValue measures, what it found, where to go next.
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Portrait of Ben White

Ben

White

RBEngland · Arsenal FC

№ 335721World Class €29.1M +0.03

Image: FootyLogos

Player dossierPremier League

BenWhite

RBRight-BackDefender

Club
Arsenal FC
League
Premier League
Nationality
England
Age
28
Height
186 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
3 Jun 2026

Reading the valuation

The market values White at €30M. Model A, which never saw White during training, estimates €29.1M: the market value is 3% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.03. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €7.2M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.03A €29.1M▲ +1.43B €7.2M
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
56
Minutes
3,411
Goals
1
Assists
4
Started
40/56
Min / app
61
Cards
6Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for White…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €30M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €30MModel A €29.1M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

Ben White's percentiles among defenders: Goals per 90 45th, Assists per 90 79th, Minutes, two years 60th, Starts 29th, Minutes, last 365 days 57th, European club minutes 93rd45thGoals79thAssists60thMinutes29thStarts57thRecent93rdEurope

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

European club minutes

Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.

28% this player0% defender median93rd percentile

0%peer deciles · median line · this player ●85%

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€2.5M
Oct 2019
Peak
€55M
Jun 2023
Model target
€30M
Jun 2026
Valuations
21
2 club changes
Jun 2026€30MArsenal FCValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Jun 2026: €30M, Arsenal FC. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2019-10-17€2.5MLeeds United
2020-02-27€7MLeeds United
2020-04-08€5.5MLeeds United
2020-10-13€15MBrighton & Hove Albion
2020-12-17€22MBrighton & Hove Albion
2021-03-18€25MBrighton & Hove Albion
2021-05-28€28MBrighton & Hove Albion
2021-10-05€40MArsenal FC
2021-12-23€40MArsenal FC
2022-06-15€40MArsenal FC
2022-11-03€45MArsenal FC
2023-03-16€50MArsenal FC
2023-06-20€55MArsenal FC
2023-12-19€55MArsenal FC
2024-05-27€55MArsenal FC
2024-12-16€55MArsenal FC
2025-03-18€50MArsenal FC
2025-05-30€45MArsenal FC
2025-10-17€38MArsenal FC
2025-12-09€30MArsenal FC
2026-06-03€30MArsenal FC

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.032

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Premier League555 players · median €18M

Valued above 73% of the 555 Premier League players.

€150k€1M€7.5M€50M€30MSee them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 95% of the 2,065 defenders.

€20k€200k€2M€20M€30MSee them in the Explorer →

Where White appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).