FairValue

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Benedikt

Pichler

CFAustria · Hannover 96

№ 331362Emerging €1.2M +0.19

Player dossierBundesliga

BenediktPichler

CFCentre-ForwardAttack

Club
Hannover 96
League
Bundesliga
Nationality
Austria
Age
28
Height
189 cm
Foot
Right
Valued
16 Dec 2025

Reading the valuation

The market values Pichler at €1.5M. Model A, which never saw Pichler during training, estimates €1.2M: the market value is 20% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.20. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €605k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

▲ +0.19A €1.2M▲ +0.91B €605k
Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).
Apps
20
Minutes
874
Goals
1
Assists
2
Started
8/20
Min / app
44
Cards
1Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Pichler…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €1.5M

Checking API
EmergingEstablishedEliteWorld Class€2M€10M€30M€100k€1M€100MMarket €1.5MModel A €1.2M

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers

Benedikt Pichler's percentiles among attackers: Goals per 90 15th, Assists per 90 72nd, Minutes, two years 15th, Starts 21st, Minutes, last 365 days 2nd, European club minutes 28th15thGoals72ndAssists15thMinutes21stStarts2ndRecent28thEurope

Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)

Assists per 90

Club assists per 90 minutes in the same window.

0.21 this player0.15 attacker median72nd percentile

0.00peer deciles · median line · this player ●0.73

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation
€175k
Jul 2018
Peak
€2M
Oct 2024
Model target
€1.5M
Dec 2025
Valuations
18
3 club changes
Dec 2025€1.5MHannover 96Valuation the model is trained to reproduce

Dec 2025: €1.5M, Hannover 96. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table
DateMarket valueClub
2018-07-02€175kSK Austria Klagenfurt
2018-12-01€175kSK Austria Klagenfurt
2019-06-01€300kSK Austria Klagenfurt
2019-12-16€500kAustria Vienna
2020-04-08€400kAustria Vienna
2020-07-22€800kAustria Vienna
2020-12-21€900kAustria Vienna
2021-06-02€1.3MAustria Vienna
2021-12-15€1.3MHolstein Kiel
2022-06-16€1.1MHolstein Kiel
2022-11-30€1.1MHolstein Kiel
2023-06-28€1.1MHolstein Kiel
2023-12-15€1.5MHolstein Kiel
2024-06-06€1.5MHolstein Kiel
2024-10-09€2MHolstein Kiel
2024-12-20€2MHolstein Kiel
2025-06-05€1.5MHolstein Kiel
2025-12-16€1.5MHannover 96

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group
UEFA
Population gap, Model A
+0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A
+0.185

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

Bundesliga451 players · median €5M

Valued above 12% of the 451 Bundesliga players.

€300k€2M€15M€100M€1.5MSee them in the Explorer →

Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M

Valued above 37% of the 1,583 attackers.

€20k€300k€5M€75M€1.5MSee them in the Explorer →

Where Pichler appears

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).