Ramy
Bensebaini
CBAlgeria · Borussia Dortmund
Image: FootyLogos
Player dossierBundesliga
RamyBensebaini
CBCentre-BackDefender
- Club
- Borussia Dortmund
- League
- Bundesliga
- Nationality
- Algeria
- Age
- 31
- Height
- 187 cm
- Foot
- Left
- Valued
- 27 May 2026
BundesligaReading the valuation
The market values Bensebaini at €7M. Model A, which never saw Bensebaini during training, estimates €6.7M: the market value is 5% above that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.05. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €5.7M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 81
- Minutes
- 5,732
- Goals
- 10
- Assists
- 10
- Started
- 62/81
- Min / app
- 71
- Cards
- 20Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Bensebaini…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €7M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders
Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)
European club minutes
Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.
34% this player0% defender median97th percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €500k
- Oct 2014
- Peak
- €22M
- Feb 2021
- Model target
- €7M
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 30
- 4 club changes
May 2026: €7M, Borussia Dortmund. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-10-05 | €500k | Lierse SK (-2018) |
| 2015-01-08 | €800k | Lierse SK (-2018) |
| 2015-06-24 | €1M | Lierse SK (-2018) |
| 2016-02-04 | €2M | Montpellier HSC |
| 2016-07-13 | €2M | Stade Rennais FC |
| 2017-01-16 | €2M | Stade Rennais FC |
| 2017-06-01 | €2M | Stade Rennais FC |
| 2017-10-12 | €4.5M | Stade Rennais FC |
| 2018-01-24 | €7M | Stade Rennais FC |
| 2018-06-04 | €8M | Stade Rennais FC |
| 2018-12-17 | €8M | Stade Rennais FC |
| 2019-06-03 | €8M | Stade Rennais FC |
| 2019-12-17 | €12M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2020-04-08 | €9.5M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2020-07-08 | €15M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2020-11-26 | €18M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2021-02-10 | €22M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2021-06-09 | €22M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2021-12-22 | €22M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2022-03-24 | €17M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2022-06-09 | €17M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2022-11-09 | €20M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2023-06-22 | €20M | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| 2023-12-14 | €12M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2024-03-27 | €9M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2024-05-29 | €7M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2024-12-20 | €7M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2025-06-05 | €7M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2025-12-19 | €7M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2026-05-27 | €7M | Borussia Dortmund |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- non-UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- +0.051
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Bundesliga451 players · median €5M
Valued above 56% of the 451 Bundesliga players.
See them in the Explorer →Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M
Valued above 76% of the 2,065 defenders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Bensebaini appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- HenrichsRBRB Leipzig · Bundesliga€7M
- HonoratRWBorussia Mönchengladbach · Bundesliga€7M
- HackLWBorussia Mönchengladbach · Bundesliga€7M
- MaehleLBVfL Wolfsburg · Bundesliga€7M
- RobertsonLBLiverpool FC · defenders€7M
- HermosoCBAS Roma · defenders€7M
- PerraudLBLOSC Lille · defenders€7M
- RetsosCBOlympiacos Piraeus · defenders€7M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).