Salih
Özcan
DMTürkiye · Borussia Dortmund
Player dossierBundesliga
SalihÖzcan
DMDefensive MidfieldMidfield
- Club
- Borussia Dortmund
- League
- Bundesliga
- Nationality
- Türkiye
- Age
- 28
- Height
- 182 cm
- Foot
- Right
- Valued
- 27 May 2026
BundesligaReading the valuation
The market values Özcan at €3.5M. Model A, which never saw Özcan during training, estimates €3.7M: the market value is 5% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.05. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €1.6M, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 38
- Minutes
- 864
- Goals
- 0
- Assists
- 0
- Started
- 6/38
- Min / app
- 23
- Cards
- 1Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Özcan…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €3.5M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,687 midfielders
Dashed ring: the midfielder median (50th percentile)
European club minutes
Share of minutes played in UEFA club competitions.
3% this player0% midfielder median63rd percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €100k
- Jul 2016
- Peak
- €17M
- Nov 2022
- Model target
- €3.5M
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 27
- 5 club changes
May 2026: €3.5M, Borussia Dortmund. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2016-07-15 | €100k | 1.FC Köln |
| 2016-10-13 | €500k | 1.FC Köln |
| 2017-02-07 | €750k | 1.FC Köln |
| 2017-06-19 | €750k | 1.FC Köln |
| 2017-12-28 | €2.5M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2018-04-04 | €3.5M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2018-06-05 | €3.5M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2019-01-08 | €3M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2019-03-13 | €2.5M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2019-06-12 | €2M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2019-12-13 | €2.5M | Holstein Kiel |
| 2020-04-02 | €3M | Holstein Kiel |
| 2020-04-08 | €2.7M | Holstein Kiel |
| 2021-02-10 | €2.7M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2021-06-09 | €3.5M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2021-12-22 | €4M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2022-03-24 | €7M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2022-06-09 | €13M | 1.FC Köln |
| 2022-11-09 | €17M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2023-06-22 | €13M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2023-12-14 | €13M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2024-05-29 | €10M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2024-12-20 | €7M | VfL Wolfsburg |
| 2025-03-27 | €5M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2025-06-05 | €4M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2025-12-19 | €3.5M | Borussia Dortmund |
| 2026-05-27 | €3.5M | Borussia Dortmund |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.053
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Bundesliga451 players · median €5M
Valued above 37% of the 451 Bundesliga players.
See them in the Explorer →Midfielders, all leagues1,687 players · median €2M
Valued above 59% of the 1,687 midfielders.
See them in the Explorer →Where Özcan appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- TabakovicCFBorussia Mönchengladbach · Bundesliga€3.5M
- KlostermannCBRB Leipzig · Bundesliga€3.5M
- PrömelCMTSG 1899 Hoffenheim · Bundesliga€3.5M
- FellhauerDMFC Augsburg · Bundesliga€3.5M
- ModrićCMAC Milan · midfielders€3.5M
- IscoAMReal Betis Balompié · midfielders€3.5M
- ZappacostaRMAtalanta BC · midfielders€3.5M
- SansonCMOGC Nice · midfielders€3.5M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).