ÁlexMuñoz

LBLeft-BackDefender

Club: UD Almería
League: LaLiga
Nationality: Spain
Age: 31
Height: 187 cm
Foot: Left
Valued: 30 Dec 2025

Reading the valuation

The market values Muñoz at €1M. Model A, which never saw Muñoz during training, estimates €642k: the market value is 56% above that estimate.

That is a factor of ×1.56. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is larger than its usual error.

Without league and club, Model B estimates €355k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.

A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.

Pitch length is a log value scale fitted to this player's figures. ● observed · ◇ Model A · dashed ◇ Model B · each arc is a residual, log(observed) − log(estimate).

Apps: 22
Minutes: 1,488
Goals: 3
Assists: 0
Started: 19/22
Min / app: 68
Cards: 3Y 0R

Club matches, two years to the valuation date

The Valuation Journey

What moves Model A

Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Muñoz…

SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.

Model A vs Model B against the observed €1M

Checking API

Asking the prediction API…

Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).

Player traitspercentiles vs 2,065 defenders

Dashed ring: the defender median (50th percentile)

Goals per 90

Club goals per 90 minutes played in the two years to the valuation date.

0.18 this player0.03 defender median98th percentile

0.00peer deciles · median line · this player ●0.41

No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.

Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record

First valuation: €100k; Feb 2014
Peak: €1.2M; Oct 2023
Model target: €1M; Dec 2025
Valuations: 23; 6 club changes

Dec 2025€1MUD AlmeríaValuation the model is trained to reproduce

Dec 2025: €1M, UD Almería. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.

Show as a table

Date	Market value	Club
2014-02-06	€100k	Jove Español San Vicente
2016-08-01	€200k	Sevilla Atlético
2017-01-24	€200k	Sevilla Atlético
2017-06-29	€200k	Sevilla Atlético
2018-01-01	€700k	Sevilla Atlético
2018-05-30	€700k	Sevilla Atlético
2019-02-19	€700k	Real Zaragoza
2019-06-29	€500k	Real Zaragoza
2019-12-20	€500k	CD Tenerife
2020-04-08	€400k	CD Tenerife
2020-10-08	€400k	CD Tenerife
2021-01-08	€400k	CD Tenerife
2021-06-24	€500k	CD Tenerife
2021-12-27	€500k	CD Tenerife
2022-06-29	€500k	CD Tenerife
2022-12-29	€700k	Levante UD
2023-06-14	€800k	Levante UD
2023-10-13	€1.2M	Levante UD
2023-12-20	€1.2M	Levante UD
2024-06-24	€1.2M	Levante UD
2024-12-27	€1.2M	UD Las Palmas
2025-06-09	€1M	UD Las Palmas
2025-12-30	€1M	UD Almería

Audit context group-level, not about this player

Audit group: UEFA
Population gap, Model A: +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
This player, market vs held-out A: +0.443

The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit

In context observed value among comparable players in this build

All players in the Terminal →

LaLiga509 players · median €4M

Valued above 8% of the 509 LaLiga players.

See them in the Explorer →

Defenders, all leagues2,065 players · median €2M

Valued above 35% of the 2,065 defenders.

See them in the Explorer →

Where Muñoz appears

TerminalLaLiga in the Player Explorer
TerminalLaLiga on the League Landscape

Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.

Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position

Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).