Budu
Zivzivadze
CFGeorgia · 1.FC Heidenheim 1846
Player dossierBundesliga
BuduZivzivadze
CFCentre-ForwardAttack
- Club
- 1.FC Heidenheim 1846
- League
- Bundesliga
- Nationality
- Georgia
- Age
- 32
- Height
- 189 cm
- Foot
- Both
- Valued
- 27 May 2026
BundesligaReading the valuation
The market values Zivzivadze at €1.2M. Model A, which never saw Zivzivadze during training, estimates €1.3M: the market value is 7% below that estimate.
That is a factor of ×1.08. Model A's typical held-out miss is ×1.50 either way, so this gap is within its usual error.
Without league and club, Model B estimates €860k, further from the market. Model B is usually further off (typical miss ×2.07): league and club explain much of how the market prices players.
A gap describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what the player is worth.
- Apps
- 40
- Minutes
- 2,540
- Goals
- 10
- Assists
- 4
- Started
- 29/40
- Min / app
- 64
- Cards
- 3Y 0R
Club matches, two years to the valuation date
The Valuation Journey
What moves Model A
Asking the prediction API to explain Model A for Zivzivadze…
SHAP describes the model's arithmetic for this player's inputs, not what causes market value. Model B can be explained only by the live service; Model A also has a published explanation for the research players.
Model A vs Model B against the observed €1.2M
Checking APIAsking the prediction API…
Held-out estimates come from cross-validation, with this player outside the training data: the honest comparison. Served models were refitted on every player, this one included, so they sit closer to the market. Shaded band: Model A's typical miss (×1.50 either way).
Player traitspercentiles vs 1,583 attackers
Dashed ring: the attacker median (50th percentile)
Starts
Share of appearances started rather than entered from the bench.
73% this player59% attacker median72nd percentile
No passing, progression or defensive actions exist in the dataset, so no trait claims to measure them.
Valuation history every Transfermarkt valuation on record
- First valuation
- €25k
- Mar 2015
- Peak
- €2.5M
- Mar 2025
- Model target
- €1.2M
- May 2026
- Valuations
- 31
- 10 club changes
May 2026: €1.2M, 1.FC Heidenheim 1846. Dotted lines mark the €2M, €10M and €30M tier boundaries.
Show as a table
| Date | Market value | Club |
|---|---|---|
| 2015-03-15 | €25k | Torpedo Kutaisi |
| 2015-07-26 | €25k | FC Samtredia |
| 2016-03-31 | €325k | FC Samtredia |
| 2016-07-23 | €350k | FC Samtredia |
| 2016-12-07 | €550k | FC Samtredia |
| 2017-03-27 | €450k | Esbjerg fB |
| 2017-06-21 | €250k | Esbjerg fB |
| 2017-12-18 | €100k | Esbjerg fB |
| 2018-04-09 | €250k | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| 2018-08-29 | €300k | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| 2019-01-05 | €400k | Esbjerg fB |
| 2019-05-05 | €350k | Torpedo Kutaisi |
| 2019-08-07 | €350k | Mezőkövesd Zsóry FC |
| 2019-10-30 | €500k | Mezőkövesd Zsóry FC |
| 2020-04-08 | €400k | Mezőkövesd Zsóry FC |
| 2020-07-28 | €500k | Mezőkövesd Zsóry FC |
| 2020-10-23 | €600k | Videoton FC Fehérvár |
| 2021-01-24 | €750k | Videoton FC Fehérvár |
| 2021-06-01 | €800k | Videoton FC Fehérvár |
| 2022-01-07 | €600k | Videoton FC Fehérvár |
| 2022-06-07 | €800k | Újpest FC |
| 2023-03-31 | €700k | Karlsruher SC |
| 2023-06-28 | €600k | Karlsruher SC |
| 2023-12-15 | €700k | Karlsruher SC |
| 2024-06-06 | €900k | Karlsruher SC |
| 2024-09-25 | €1.8M | Karlsruher SC |
| 2024-12-19 | €1.8M | Karlsruher SC |
| 2025-03-27 | €2.5M | 1.FC Heidenheim 1846 |
| 2025-06-05 | €2M | 1.FC Heidenheim 1846 |
| 2025-12-19 | €1.2M | 1.FC Heidenheim 1846 |
| 2026-05-27 | €1.2M | 1.FC Heidenheim 1846 |
Audit context group-level, not about this player
- Audit group
- UEFA
- Population gap, Model A
- +0.093 95% CI +0.063 to +0.124
- This player, market vs held-out A
- −0.075
The group comes from first-listed citizenship and is never a model input. Across the population, non-UEFA players' market values sit about 10% above Model A's held-out estimates, relative to UEFA players in the same leagues. One player's residual says nothing about that pattern (typical miss ×1.50), and none of it is evidence of discrimination: the target may itself be biased. Open the Fairness Audit
In context observed value among comparable players in this build
All players in the Terminal →Bundesliga451 players · median €5M
Valued above 10% of the 451 Bundesliga players.
See them in the Explorer →Attackers, all leagues1,583 players · median €2.5M
Valued above 34% of the 1,583 attackers.
See them in the Explorer →Where Zivzivadze appears
Watchlists and the comparison tray are kept in this browser only.
Near this valuation closest observed values: same league, then same position
- FernandesGKHamburger SV · Bundesliga€1.2M
- CostaCB1.FSV Mainz 05 · Bundesliga€1.2M
- StenzelRBVfB Stuttgart · Bundesliga€1.2M
- MüllerGKSC Freiburg · Bundesliga€1.2M
- SánchezSSSevilla FC · attackers€1.2M
- PerišićLWPSV Eindhoven · attackers€1.2M
- PortuRWGirona FC · attackers€1.2M
- BakambuCFReal Betis Balompié · attackers€1.2M
Counts and ranks of observed Transfermarkt values only; model errors are never ranked here. Full player export: Every player in the modelling population (D-011).